a) Use Fermat's little theorem to compute 3302 mod 5, 3302

POLS NOTS DAY 15 (WEEK 9) Elections, Parties, and Democracy  Elections : Why Important in a Democracy o Masses = empower individuals. Provide means to influence government (policy mandate). Decide majority preferences. Make government accountable. Protection against official abuse. o Government = prevent radical change. Legitimacy (rightful rule). o Elite Theory Perspective = choose personnel, not policy. Symbolic reassurance to masses.  Elections – Dilemmas Today : o Personality trumps issues. o Money drives elections  rich candidates win. Media’s influential role in campaigns. Fat cat contributors. o Non­participation rates : who votes Is non­participation a protest vote  American Political Parties : o Purpose  to win! o Origins of the party system.  Characteristics of the American Party System (APS) : o Two MAJOR Parties – custom and cultural norms.  Winner take­all electoral system : single­member districts. Plurality vs. proportional representation. Appointment of electoral college. o Parties are middle of the road; they appeal to moderate, non­extreme voters. o Pattern of DE alignment =  Decline in major party identification  Increase in independent voters  S