Quaternary structures of proteins arise if two or more smaller polypeptides or proteins associate with each other to make a much larger protein structure. The association is due to the same hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and dispersion forces we have seen before. Hemoglobin, the protein used to transport oxygen molecules in our blood, is an example of a protein that has quaternary structure. Hemoglobin is a tetramer. it is made of four smaller polypeptides, two alphas' and two betas ' (These names do not imply anything about the number of alpha-helices or beta sheets in the individual polypeptides.) Design a set of experiments that would provide sound evidence that hemoglobin exists as a tetramer and not as one enormous polypeptide chain.
Chemistry CHM2045 – 8/22 and 8/24 Chemistry is the study of matter. Matter is anything that occupies mass and volume Matter is made up of atoms and molecules. Anything that is microscopic means that it is so small it cannot be seen with the naked eye. (H20) Macroscopic things are big objects. (ex. Ocean, waterfall) To properly understand matter, we have to understand the components it’s made up of. Nucleus- Contains the most of the mass and ALL of the positive charge (protons) of the atom. Also contains the neutrons (no charge, takes up mass) and takes up very little volume Around the nucleus are the negative charged particles (electrons), with little mass but occupying a lot of volume. The number of protons and electrons in one atom are
