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 Countries of Europe o Germany  82 million people  Initially was made up several tribes, royal families  Unified late 1800s early 1900s  Was divided after WWII  West Germany = part of Europe, democratic  East Germany = USSR, Communist  Contains 16 states  Highly urbanized  89% of the population  A leader in Europe : manufactoring/economic stability  Largest economy of Europe  Has the Autobahn (interstate system) o France  64 million people  Oldest state in europe  Urban  Paris 2.2 million people  Contains the highest Mountain in Europe  Mount Blanc  Huge in agriculture (biggest producer in Europe)  Cattle, grapes, cheese  Known for  Rich food  Architecture  Art o Great Britain  UK  62.7 Million People  Regions:  England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland  Surrounded by water:  North Sea, English Channel, and the Atlantic Ocean  The US's strongest ally  National Dish:  Chicken Tikka Masala  Prominent Religion  Protestant o Ireland  Highest growing economy in the EU  Uses the Euro  Gained independence form the UK in 1921  Conflict between the Catholics and Protestants  Irish Republican Army (IRA)  English and Gaelic are the national languages  Strong Irish Influence in America  New York  Boston  Chicago o Italy  60.5 million people  Major states or regions  Tuscany, Milan, Venice, Piedmont  Rich urbanized North  Poor rural South  Sicily is very poor and underdeveloped  Origin of La Cosa Nostra (Sicilian Mafia)  Milan-Turin-Genoa Triangle  Heavy manufacturing  Milan is the largest city in Italy o "Rock" of Gibraltar  2.6 sq mile area (peninsula Iberian)  South Spain  Owned by Britain  Surrendered by Spain in 1713 (via the War of the Spanish Succession)  One of the most densely populated areas in the world  12,840 people per square mile  Official language is English  Important militarily and economically  Access to the Mediterranean sea from the Atlantic  Recent events in Ukraine o Major divisions after the Cold War o Country divided politically  East = Pro Russia  West = Pro Europe o Russia needs access to the ocean and resources  Military and economic factor… o Babushkas of Chernobyl  Self-settlers  Wildlife  Returning in force  Invisible enemy  Women who were children during Stalin's reign.  Starvation  Stalin burned down cities and towns along with all of the agriculture.  Lived through WWII with the Nazi's.  Concentration camps or forced labor.  Relationships do not equal causation  The world health organization says 4000 deaths while green peace says 10000 deaths.  The women are out living the men because the men are drinking and smoking, across the world it is more accepted for a man to drink and smoke than it is for a woman.  In that case you have higher numbers of men drinking and smoking and dying from that instead of the radiation poisoning.  The town was built around Chernobyl.  The people who were relocated seem to be dying sooner than the ones who came back. o Russia is the biggest country by land area. o You can see Alaska from Russia, only 4km between the two. o Physical Geography  SW Russia desert  Main area of settlement near Moscow  Cannot connect to any waterways.  Caspian sea o 4 regions  Russian core  Majority of the population  Siberia  Freezing  Where people would be exiled  Eastern Frontier  Desert section  Separation between Siberia and Frontier is climate and culture  Far East  Not many settlements  Hard to navigate the land o Approximately 75% of Russia is Siberia has far as land area o A majority of the population lives in the Russian Core and the Eastern Frontier o Physical Russian Geography  Russian Plain  West of the Ural Mountains; Moscow (core of Russia)  Ural Mountains (2000 miles long)  Low relief mountain chain separating East/West Russia  Western Siberia (constant elevation)  Flat plains and forests  Central Siberia  Moderate mountains; very cold (Artic Circle)  Eastern Highlands (Mostly the Yakutski Basin)  One of the most remote places on earth o Climate  SW desert  Russian Core humid continental (northern Midwest into Canada)  Majority is subarctic. (FREEZING)  Tundra only has a few centimeters a year that is thawed for a limited amount of time. o Interesting facts about Russia  Continentally has a huge impact on Russia's climate  Similar to the upper Mid-west and Canada  Economy is rising  It depends heavily on oil  Becoming increasingly more "modern" and "western"  Red square  A city square block where the government is housed  Misconceptions  Not called red square because it is called a communist country  Not because the buildings are red  It is because the language has evolved.  Used to be the slums until the 1400s o The Soviet Union  U.S.S.R. (CCCP)  Union of Soviet Socialistic Republics  Formed in 1917 after the Bolshevik Revolution  Most citizens were very poor, unhapy with autocratic Tsar systerm  Industrial revolution was occuring in Europe = caused  A federation of power  Split of power with no true ruler  Russification: the idea of replacing ethnic  Areas with Russians; ethnic groups moved east  Command economy: a system where the government assigns sectors of production to particular areas with disregard to economic o Spread of the soviet influence  After WWII, communism spread into Eastern Europe  China and Korea 1950s  Cuba in 1959 with Castro  SE Asia in 1954  Africa in 1970s  Created tensions with the US and Europe  Cold War  Agriculture cut off by Ukraine o Space Race  1957 Soviet Union  1958 US  1965 France  1970 Japan  1970 China  1971 UK  1979 ESA  1980 India o Post-Soviet Union  The Russian federation  Becoming more "European" culturally and politically  Only 3 men have been president in the past 22 years  Yeltsin  Putin  Medvedev  Putin (again)  TEST April 12th o Eastern Europe(Balkans & Ukraine, Rock of Gibraltar) o Sub-Sahara Africa o North Africa  Map Quiz 6 o East Asia and Russia  Monday 4/11 -Friday 4/15  Spread of Religion o Oldest Religion  Hinduism o Abraham was born  UR o Fastest spreading religion  Islam o Islam is a religion, Muslim's follow Islam  DDT in Africa: Malaria v. Health Risks o Ethical concern  Protection of the diversity of wildlife v. Malaria victims dying in Africa o Tuberculosis is mainly in the North o Diarrheal diseases due to unclean water  North Africa and the Middle East o Interesting facts  The Middle East is known as the "crossroads of the world" because it lies in between Asia, Africa and Europe  Hence the name "middle"  The term "Arab" refers to an ethnic group not a religion  Not all Arabs are Muslims  This confusion also exists with Judaism  NASWA an acronym for North Africa/South-West Asia  Iran is the former Persian Empire  Very large portion of the population is under 30  Educated  Unemployed o Original Three Abrahamic Faith  Judaism (First Abrahamic Religions)  Christianity  Islam  Monotheistic  The belief in one God o Populations  Egypt= Nile River  Turkey= black sea and mediterranean sea  Iran= caspian sea and persian gulf  North Africa = mediterranean sea  Majority of populations live near water because of the dry climat o The Birthplace of Civilization  Birthplace of man is Ethiopia  Fertile Crescent = Mesopotamia = between two rivers  Neolithic = 10,000 years ago humans began to domesticate plants and animals, learned to irrigate their fields and grow the population  Birthplace of many foundational concepts:  Maps  60 minutes per hour; 24 hours per day  Trigonometry  Early medicine  Irrigation  Written text  The Egyptian Empire  Highly advanced  Second oldest language  Hieroglyphics  Writing paper, irrigation, domestication of wheat  Sailing  Architecture, masonry (pyramids)  Polytheistic and belief of an afterlife  Kings were called paharos  Sun god Rah  Oil in NASWA  Saudi Arabia number 1 oil producers in the world and the US's biggest alli in the Middle East  Began in Iran  Majority of the oil was found after WW2  OPEC  Orgainzation of Petroleum Exporting Countries  Created to try to not have a monoply  8 NASWA countries  Can cause high prices for those who don't have oil  Results of OPEC  Has totally transformed the Middle East since the 1960s  Positives  Urban transformation  Infrastructure investments  Industrialization  Foreign investment and involvement  Negatives  Variable income  Regional Disparities  Migration from other realms  NASAW Dynamic  Fragmented Modernization  Many issues in the Middle East and North America  Wealth Disparities  Most NASWA people are poor, not rich  Typical Iranian makes $10,840 USD a year  Qatar citizen makes $103,900 USD a year  Religion differences internally (Shia v. Sunnis) and externally (Christianity/Judaism)  Old autocratic government leaders and young populations = cultural issues  Arab Spring (2010-Present)  Started with a fruit vender. Couldn't sale his fruit so in protest he set himself on fire, dying a few weeks later  Spread quickly through social media  Two things in common  Old rulers who have been there for a long time  Young, well-educated, unemployed population  Cultural Regions of the Middle East  30 Countries  6 regions  Egypt and the Lower Nial = the heart  The Maghred (Sahara)  The Middle East  Largely Islamic  The Arabian Peninsula = Richest oil  The Empire States = Iran and Turkey  Turkestan  Transition zone  African TZ is the primary area where the Sunni and the Shia are having problems  Egypt  Suez Canal  Get the oil out  Saudi Arabia  Desert  Iran  Iranian revolution in 1979