Find the toughness (or energy to cause fracture) for a metal that experiences both elastic and plastic deformation. Assume Equation 6.5 for elastic deformation, that the modulus of elasticity is 103 GPa (15 * 106 psi), and that elastic deformation terminates at a strain of 0.007. For plastic deformation, assume that the relationship between stress and strain is described by Equation 6.19, in which the values for K and n are 1520 MPa (221,000 psi) and 0.15, respectively. Furthermore, plastic deformation occurs between strain values of 0.007 and 0.60, at which point fracture occurs.
Deviance ● Social norm: rules and expectations for the way people are supposed to behave ○ Formal (written; laws; syllabus) and informal (internalized) ○ Vary depending on social group and if they’re adhered to in public and private life ● Deviance: behavior or appearance that violates social norms ○ Requires a social audience that regards the behavior as deviant and takes actions to discourage it ○ Is not necessarily negative ○ Formal a nd informal ○ Changes over time and place ● Social control- systematic practice that social groups develop in order to discourage
