. The pressure gauge on a 20.0 m3 tank of nitrogen at 25C reads 10 bar. Estimate the mass of nitrogen in the tank by (a) direct solution of the ideal gas equation of state and (b) conversion from standard conditions. (See Example 5.2-2.)
Wednesday, April 13, 2016 ENV 1301 Nuclear Energy - decreasing hydrocarbon • hydrocarbons we have in the ground: proven reserves - declining resources - OPEC - How we use energy: • Electricity • Transportation • Domestic Energy • Industrial Energy - Liquid—gasoline - Electricity—heat up water to make steam, which turns the turbine, and the pressure of the steam turns the turbine, which has a shaft with a copper wire on it, which disrupts the magnetic field and yields electrons - Hot water - Primary fuels—fuels we can burn immediately - How to be sustainable: • increase efficiency—maximizing productivity • conservation—not using as much - Renewable — being able to use something again and again • renewable fuel - wind - water - solar energy 1 Wednesday, April 13, 2016 • Isotopes—Elements that have a different number of protons and neutrons - Radioactive isotopes/nuclides—spontaneously emits particles and energy to balance the forces inside - three types of radiation • alpha radiation—high speed (of light) positive particles • beta radiation—high speed negative particles (heavier than the positive particles) • gamma radiation—energy - Two types of cells • haploid — sex cells (sperm and egg) • diploid—the cell reproduces itself - Halflife—the amount of time it takes for the cell to emit half the mass - background radiation— - fuel rods—fuel pellets are held in rods submerged in water. as they emit particles and energy, they run into eachother. - fission—the process of splitting atoms - daughter nuclides if a neutron hits another atom, the atom breaks, producing neutrons and other nuclei - control rods— - Fission reaction: meltdown—the fuel rods get too hot, melting the fuel rods, the container, and • boiling the water, and melting a hole in the earth, boiling the groundwater, and exploding out through the top of the earth’s crust, getting caught in the atmosphere - breeder reactor—will produce more fuel than it uses up (by producing isotopes with long half-lives) 2
