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Chapter 11: Political Crime and Terrorism  Political Crime o Definition  Illegal acts that are designed to undermine, challenge, or damage an existing government and threaten its survival o Goals  Intimidation  Revolution  The idea of overthrowing the government  Profit  Conviction  Pseudo­conviction o Becoming a Political Criminal  Stage 1: “It’s not right”  Stage 2: “It’s not fair”  Stage 3: “It’s your fault”  Stage 4: “You’re evil” o Categories  Organizational  Occupational  Independent o Election Fraud  Illegal interference with the process of an election  Intimidation  Disruption  Misinformation  Registration fraud  Vote buying o Crimes  Treason  An act of disloyalty to one’s nation  Espionage  Obtaining and dissemination information considered secret or confidential without the permission of the original holder  State political crime  Illegal efforts by the state to maintain power  Torture  Acts that cause severe pain and suffering that is intentionally inflicted on a person to obtain information, punish, intimidate, or coerce them  Terrorism o Political Violence and Terrorism  Terrorists  Individuals or groups that systematically attack or threaten violence for political demands  Guerillas  Fighters who are usually located in rural areas and attack government targets in an effort to unseat or replace the existing government  Insurgents  Groups that engage in armed uprising or revolt against an established civil or political authority  Revolutionary  Nationalist or local groups that engage in civil war against a sovereign power that holds control of land o Contemporary Terrorism  Revolutionary terrorist, political terrorists, eco­terrorism, nationalist terrorism, retributive terrorism, state­sponsored terrorism  Colonialism o Definition  The conquest and direct control of other peoples and their land o Heart of Darkness o Post­Colonialism  A tradition, both academic and artistic, of prejudiced outsider interpretation of nonwestern peoples which constructs a false, but real, relationship between colonizer and colonized  Orientalism, Edward Said  “Can the Subaltern Speak”, Gayatri Spivak  Eisenhower prepared US military to fight aliens  Military industrial complex o Neocolonialism  The use of social, political, economical, and cultural practices to control people and their land  Neoliberalism  The promotion of markets controlled by those in power  Transnational corporate cultural domination (IMF, WTO, etc.)  Cultural appropriation and elimination o Ex: Indian lands  Nationalism = Racism o The belief that humans are subdivided into distinct national groups that are innately different in their social behavior and mental capacities and can be ranked as superior or interior o Why did the US invade Afghanistan Retaliation for 9/11 o Why did the US invade Iraq Threat od Saddam Hussein having access to WMDs  Bringing Colonialism to the US o The Patriot Act (2001)  Allows for warrantless searches and wire taps by federal agents  Federal agents can detain suspected foreign terrorists indefinitely without charge or trial o National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) (2012); NDAA (2013)  Allows for indefinite detention without charge or trial to any American citizen suspected of terrorism o HR 347 (2012)  Illegal to protest events protected by the Secret Service o Trans­Pacific Partnership (TPP) and Trans­Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (TAFTA)  The giving over of state sovereignty to corporations  Ex: NAFTA  Mexico and Monsanto  He wanted Mexico to plant their seed  Monsanto took farmers to court in Mexico, claiming they were going against NAFTA and the court made famers do such  Political Victims o Anwar al­Awlaki  Made YouTube videos that convinced people to commit heinous acts o Samir Khan o Abdul al­Rahman  Born in Kansas, Anwar was father, looked for father, he was shot  Political Prisoners o Chelsea Manning  Federal prisoner for leaking classified documents to the public o Julian Assange  Spends the last 3­year locked in a hotel room. Founder of Wikileaks o John Kiriakou  CIA agent who reported to the American people that we were torturing people in the prisons. He spent three years in prison  Political Criminals o George Bush and Dick Chaney  Participated in torture  Weeding Out the Rich o Police officers are more lenient when interacting with the well­to­do o Prosecutors “are more likely to pursue full prosecution, file more severe charges, and seek more stringent penalties in cases involving minority defendants than in cases involving nonminority defendants” (pg. 128)  Costs of “Weeding Out the Rich” o White­collar crime is more costly than all the FBI Index crimes combined o White­collar crime is more common than crimes of the poor o White­collar criminals are rarely arrested or charged o White­collar criminals receive lighter sentences given the costs of their crimes 