Benzene (B) and chlorobenzene (C) are being separated in a distillation column. Vapor and liquid streams, each containing both species, are fed to one of the trays of the column, and liquid and vapor streams are taken off the tray. The tray functions as an ideal stage (see 6.63): the effluent streams are in equilibrium at temperature T and pressure P, with compositions related by Raoult's law, Equation 6.4-1. nl(mal vapor) n3(mol vapor) Xl (mal S/mol) IDEAL x3(mol S/mol) } Eq";lib,;"m .t n2(mol liquid) STAGE n4(mol liquid) T.P x2(mol S/mol) x4(mol S/mol) Calculate the number of degrees of freedom. Then specify sets of design variables for which the solution for the remaining state variables would be (a) straightforward, (b) iterative, and (c) impossible.
Chemistry Notes Electron Configurations Rule 1: Electrons fill lowest sublevels first (Aufbau Principle) & fill in the order of the PT Rule 2: Each orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons which must be in opposite spin (Pauli Exclusion Principle) ↿ ⇂ Electrons don’t pair up within a sublevel until there are no empty orbitals (Hund’s Rule) ↿ ⇂ ↿ Radioactivity Alpha Particle= Helium nucleus; 2 protons, 2 neutrons, mass is 4, stopped by paper Gamma Ray= Beam of light; 0 charge, 0 mass, stopped by lead Beta Particle= Electron; mass is 1/2000, charge is -1, stopped by aluminum Formation of Ions Ion- electrically charged atom or group of atoms Cation- positively charge
