For each reaction, show the generation of the electrophile

Posttranslational process in the ER 1. Covalent addition and processing of carbohydrates (glycosylation) in the ER and Golgi complex. 2. Formation of disulfide bonds in the ER. 3. Proper folding of polypeptide chain and assembly of mutisubunit proteins in the ER. (Chaperon: Bip) 4. Specific proteolytic cleavage in the ER, Golgi complex. UGGT will add glucose back to misfoded proteins BIP is a HSP70 molecular chaperone located in the lumen of the ER that binds newly synthesized proteins as they are translocated into the ER. Assist protein folding, binding to misfolded proteins to prevent protein aggregation, translocation of secretory proteins Calnexin (cal binds to misfolded proteins and prevents them from being exported from the ER and the Golgi, prevent protein aggregation). Misfolded ER Proteins The export and degradation of misfolded ER proteins Misfolded proteins in the ER may actively undergo any of the following EXCEPT ... A. binding to chaperones such as BiP to allow unfolding and refolding. B. binding to chaperones such as calnexin to prevent aggregation. C. being transported back to the cytosol for degradation. D. being expelled to the Golgi apparatus for disposal. E. being glycosylated and binding to lectins. Membrane Traffic **Secretory Traffic Endocytic Traffic 1. COPI 2. COPII Know the start places and destinations 3. Clathrin 4. Mechanism of the assembly of COPII coated vesicle Sar1-GDP and Sar1-GTP 5. Mechanism of the assembly of Clathrin coated vesicle Conception of e