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Forensic Anthropology 3/21/16 Sex Determination ● Biological identity Biological Sex Differences ● Size ○ Males=Robust ○ Females=Gracile; appx 92% size of males ● Architecture ○ Females→ childbirth ■ Wilder pelvis creates different angles Accuracy of Visual Methods ● Skeleton full 90­100% ● Pelvis 90­95% ● Skull 80­90% ● Long Bones maximum of 80% ○ All for adult remains Pelvic Morphology INdicator Male Female Sacrum Curved and Long Flat and Short Pelvic Inlet Heart­Shaped Oval Pubic Bone Shape Triangular Square, elongated Greater Sciatic notch Narrow,V­shaped Wide, U­shaped Preauricular Sulcus Absent or shallow Deeper or Wide Phenice Method, 1969 ● Three criteria ○ Ventral arc ■ A ridge on the ventral surface of bone ● Females: raised ridge, pulling away from the face of the pubic symphysis ● Males: ridge runs parallel to the face ○ Subpubic concavity ■ Curvature of the bone below the pubic symphysis ● Female: curved ● Males: straight or convex ○ Ischiopubic ramus ridge Forensic Anthropology 3/21/16 ● Ridge directly beneath the pubic face ○ Females: pinched and narrow ○ Males: broad and flat ■ How well are they defined is how all three criteria are decided ■ Takes a lot of practice Cranial Morphology Indicator Male Female Glabellar Region Pronounced Flat Supraorbital Margin Blunt Sharp Mental Eminence Pronounce Flat Nuchal Crest Defined Flat Mastoid Process Large and Robust Short and Narrow Mandible ● Females: Rounded, u­shaped jaw ● Males: Square Metric Sectioning Points ● Vertical Humeral Head Female Indeterminant Male <43mm 44­46mm >47mm ● Femoral Head Female Probable Indeterminate Probable Male Male Female <42.5 43.5­44.5 43.5­46.5 46.5­47.5 >47.5 ●