In you computed the partition function for a quantum

Chapter 6, Problem 42P

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QUESTION:

In Problem 6.20 you computed the partition function for a quantum harmonic oscillator: \(Z_{\text {h.o. }}=1 /\left(1-e^{-\beta \epsilon}\right)\) where \(\epsilon=hf\) is the spacing between energy levels.

(a) Find an expression for the Helmholtz free energy of a system of \(N\) harmonic oscillators.

(b) Find an expression for the entropy of this system as a function of temperature. (Don’t worry, the result is fairly complicated .)

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QUESTION:

In Problem 6.20 you computed the partition function for a quantum harmonic oscillator: \(Z_{\text {h.o. }}=1 /\left(1-e^{-\beta \epsilon}\right)\) where \(\epsilon=hf\) is the spacing between energy levels.

(a) Find an expression for the Helmholtz free energy of a system of \(N\) harmonic oscillators.

(b) Find an expression for the entropy of this system as a function of temperature. (Don’t worry, the result is fairly complicated .)

ANSWER:

Step 1 of 2

(a) From problem 6.20 , the partition function of a quantum harmonic oscillator is given by:

\(Z_{h}=\left(1-e^{-\beta \epsilon}\right)^{-1}\)

where \(\epsilon=h f\). Helmholtz energy in terms of partition function is given by:

\(F=-k T \ln (Z)\)

substitute with the partition function to get:

\(F=-k T \ln \left(\left(1-e^{-\beta \epsilon}\right)^{-1}\right)\)

 

use \(\ln \left(x^{n}\right)=n \ln (x)\), we get:

 

\(F=k T \ln \left(1-e^{-\beta c}\right)\)

the Helmholtz free energy is an extensive quantity, so for \(N oscillators we have:

\(F=N k T \ln \left(1-e^{-\beta c}\right)\)

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