Solved: A voltaic cell is constructed from an Ni2+(aq) –

Chapter , Problem 101AE

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Problem 101AE

A voltaic cell is constructed from an Ni2+(aq) – Ni(s) half-cell and an Ag+(aq) - Ag(s) half-cell. The initial concentration of Ni2+(aq) in the Ni2+ - Ni half-cell is [Ni2+] = 0.0100 M. The initial cell voltage is +1.12 V.

(a) By using data in Table, calculate the standard emf of this voltaic cell.

Table Standard Reduction Potentials in Water at 25°C

E°red(V)

Reduction Half-Reaction

+2.87

F2(g) + 2 e-→ 2 F-(aq)

+1.51

MnO4-(aq) + 8 H+(aq) + 5 e-→ Mn2+(aq) + 4 H2O(l)

+1.36

Cl2(g) + 2 e-→ 2 Cl-(aq)

+1.33

Cr2O72-(aq) + 14 H+(aq) + 6 e-→ 2 Cr3+(aq) + 7 H2O(l)

+1.23

O2(g) + 4 H+(aq) + 4 e-→ 2 H2O(l)

+1.06

Br2(l) + 2 e-→ 2 Br-(aq)

+0.96

NO3-(aq) + 4 H+(aq) + 3 e-→ NO(g) + 2 H2O(l)

+0.80

Ag+(aq) + e-→ Ag(s)

+0.77

Fe3+(aq) + e-→ Fe2+(aq)

+0.68

O2(g) + 2 H+(aq) + 2 e-→ H2O2(aq)

+0.59

MnO4-(aq) + 2 H2O(l) + 3 e-→ MnO2(s) + 4 OH-(aq)

+0.54

l2(s) + 2 e-→ 2 l-(aq)

+0.40

O2(g) + 2 H2O(l) + 4 e-→ 4 OH-(aq)

+0.34

Cu2+(aq) + 2 e-→ Cu(s)

0 [defined]

2 H+(aq) + 2 e-→ H2(g)

-0.28

Ni2+(aq) + 2 e-→ Ni(s)

-0.44

Fe2+ (aq) + 2 e-→ Fe(s)

-0.76

Zn2+(aq) + 2 e-→ Zn(s)

-0.83

2 H2O(l) + 2 e-→ H2(g) + 2 OH-(aq)

-1.66

Al3+(aq) + 3 e-→ Al(s)

-2.71

Na+(aq) + e-→ Na(s)

-3.05

Li+(aq) + e-→ Li(s)

 (b) Will the concentration of Ni2+(aq) increase or decrease as the cell operates? (c) What is the initial concentration of Ag+(aq) in the Ag+-Ag half-cell?

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