The first ionization energies of Si, P, S, and Cl are

Week 6 Bio Notes 2/23/16  Control immune response o Antihistamines—control realese of histamines, controlling the symptoms o Steroids—cortisol, cortisone, suprersses immune response, also surpress immune system from other infections/inflammation o Anti rejection drugs (organ transplants)—cyclosporine, surpresses killer T-cells cytotoxic T-cells and Beta cells  Probs w/ Immune o Allergy—hypersensitivity to “allergen”  Antigen—pollen, dust, food, pet dander  IGE antibody  Death from HIV infections o Kaposi’s sarcoma o Pheumocystis pneumonia o Other bacterial and viaral infections  HIV treatment o Current therapy is a cocktail mixture of drugs which  Inhibit the infected cells from sheddin gnew viruses  Blocking infection of new cells by viruses which may be circulating in the blood  Nervous system—insantaneous control o Voluntary nerves o Involunatry nervs—autonomic, smooth muscles, digestive  Hormone systesm o Slower acting, prepare body for activities, regulation of body chemistry and metabolism o Longer term physiological development o A cemical messenger (proteins, steorid) produced by an endorcrine gland, aka ductless and hormones released into a cirulatory system o Hormones are either protein or steorid molecules o Hormones are distributed by blood supply to all parts of the body, but affect the activity ofa TARGET cells and tissues…gland hormones o Their conentraions regubladed by negative feedback…very minate  Exocrine gland—has duct, channel where hormones/substances are released  Pheromes o Female animas in estrus o Musk glands of animals o Territorial marking with urine/ubbing o Ant trails o Recogntion of Queen Bee and control of the hive  Silent phermones—reproductive synchrony of women, humans o Sync up yoooo, after about 6 months  Hormone related compounds o Histamine—released at the site of injury, intiates inflamattion o Prostaglandins—produced by a variety of tissues as a result of injury  Mode of action—accentuates pain, enhances inflammation, tends to cause localized smooth muscle contraction, vasodialation and vasoconstriction, enhances scarring process o Anti prostaglandin—asprin and related compounds  Cramping-contraction of smooth muscles of uterus  Fluid retention  Mood changes  Postive feedback  Roles of hypothalamus (Base of brain, consists of nerve tissue) o Mediates control of body by nerves and endocrine mechanisms o Senses levels of hormones for feedback control o Recieves signals from other aprts of brain for hormone release, mating drives, etc o Intiates the process of puberty o Releasing factors for hormones from anterior and posterior pituitary o CCK   Pituitary gland o Base of brain o Size of pea o Posterior—two hormones produced by hypothalamus is released by post  ADH—antidiuretic hormone, monitors fluid levels in body, diuresis (produces urine), antidiuretic (conserves water), CNS is depressed by alcohol (reduces amount of ADH—high urination, dehydration of brain, 15% dehydrated causes hangover)  Oxytocin—acts to cause smooth muscle contraction, intiates labor contractions at birth and expolsion of fetus, milk letdown—intiates milk flow  Pitocin—synthetic oxytocin, liquid dynamite. BABIES o Anterior—release 9 different hormones  Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)  Reproductive cells o Ovary to produce Ova o Testis to produce Sperm  Control puberty  Leutenizing Hormone (LH)  Ovary for Estrogen, causes ovulation  Testis for Testosterone  Control puberty  Prolactin  Milk production o Birds—courtship, nest building behaivor, egg laying  Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)  Adrenal glands (on top of kindey)  Controlss water and electrolyte balance  Glucose metabolism  Immune response  Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)  Thyroid gland o Thyroxine—metabolism o Iodine  Lack of Iodine—elarged thyroid gland, Goifer  Iodized salt