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HDFS 3/17/2016 Child Abuse  Author: Christina Rodriguez  Univ. of Alabama Birmingham, Psychology Ph. D  Research Interests: Parent risk & child abuse  Child Abuse & Neglect: Facts  2012: 3.4 million referrals made to local child protective services of children being abused/neglected  686,000 children victims of maltreatment  18% victims of physical abuse  30% of victims younger than 3 years old  80% perpetrators were parents  Physical Abuse vs. Physical Discipline  Physical abuse: non-accidental injury to child (intent)  Commonly occurs when parents unintentionally escalate physical discipline  Physical discipline: use of physical force w/ intention of causing child to experience pain, but not injury, for the purpose of correction or control of the child’s behavior  Studying Abusive Parent-Child Aggression  Confirmed perpetration represents restricted component of parent- child aggression  Maltreatment may be unreported or undetected to CPS  Parents identified by CPS likely represent a selective, atypical fraction of those engaging in abusive parent-child aggression  Approaches to Studying Parent-Child Aggression  Examining beliefs & characteristics that may predict a parent’s risk to physically mistreating a child  Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI): measures interpersonal & intrapersonal difficulties & attitudes toward children that may indicate child abuse potential  Though widely used, does not explicitly measure information regarding actual discipline practices or maltreatment behaviors  Another approach is to examine actual behaviors  Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Sale (CTSPC): determines frequency of actual behaviors implemented during parent- child conflict  Little research conducted evaluating the association between these two approaches  Parenting Styles and Parent-Child Aggression  Baumrind conceptualized 3 broad styles of parenting  Authoritarian, Authoritative, and Permissive  Child abuse is potentially positively associated with coercive parenting approaches and negatively associated with sensitive & consistent parenting  Conceptually, Authoritarian parenting would be expected to be related to child abuse risk  Current Study  Purpose: to evaluate whether child abuse potential, parent-child discipline and abuse, ad dysfunctional parenting styles are correlated  Parents engaging in parent-child aggression indicative of child maltreatment were expected to demonstrate greater child abuse potential and more dysfunctional parenting styles  Examined over 3 studies  Methods for Current Study  Child Abuse Potential Inventory  Abuse scale: distress, rigidity, unhappiness, problems w/ child & self, problems w/ family, problems w/ others  Parent-Child Conflict Tactic Scale  Physical Assault Subscale: spanking, slapping, pinching, beating, etc.  Parenting Scale  Overreactivity and laxness  Participants of Current Study  Study 1  327 parents of children younger than age 12  Majority female, married, white, w/ at least some college experience or a college degree  Study 2  115 parents of children between ages 7-12  Mothers & fathers recruited  Majority of parents lived w/ a partner & had average of 3 children  Study 3  74 mothers of children aged 7-12 w/ diagnosed eternalizing behavior problems  Maltreatment Across Studies  Those in maltreatment groups scored higher on CAPI and Parenting Style Scores  In Study 2 20% wee in maltreatment group & scored higher on CAPI & Overreactivity Scores  In study 3, lower percentage of parents falling into maltreatment group  What Does the Study Tell Us  There are associations between parenting style, child abuse potential, and physical aggression  These factors do NOT cause abuse however (correlation not causation)  Differs by situation