Solved: In Fig. 24-36a, a particle of elementary charge +e

The Value of Design 01/19/2016 How do the services that designers provide generate value for clients  Hard value: factual data that can be calculated o Things that are tangible, concrete, easily measured o Ex: saves money on materials, driving times o Objectively recorded, using familiar numeric units of assignment  Soft value: subjective, intangible, more difficult to measure o Ex: emotive connection, delights or inspires o Measuring soft value takes a more qualitative/subjective approach o Its easy to celebrate hard numbers, but soft value is essential to making meaningful connections Hierarchy of Value  Some things are more valuable than others in design  Hierarchy of User Needs o William Lidwell, Kritina Holden used Maslow’s hierarchy and applied it to design o Maslow’s Hierarchy  Self-actualization (top)  Esteem  Love and belonging  Safety  Physiological needs (base) o Hierarchy of User Needs  Creativity (top)  Creativity and innovation allow users to experience info in ways they never imagined possible. Designs that change expectations or connect with a user in ways that are unique and novel (while meeting all of our other needs) have the highest level of value  Proficiency  Proficiency empowers users to do things better than they were previously able. Systems or designs that achieve proficiency have high value. Making good things better.  Usability  Design should make info easy to understand, process and retain. Usability expands value, but is expected  Reliability  Design must be reliable or function in a reliable, consistent way. Creating systems that behave consistently move a design up the value pyramid.  Functionality (base)  function must be the first consideration, and design must meet the user’s basic needs  Design Staircase o Stage 1: No Design  Characterized by design playing no significant role in product or service development o Stage 2: Design as Styling  Design is used in a superficial way in terms of appearance (“design as decoration”) o Stage 3: Design as Process  Design is used as a process to develop new products or services o Stage 4: Design as Strategy  Design is integrated into a company’s culture and aligned with business goals Defining Value 1. Return on Investment  The most common and broadly used tool in establishing financial success in business is return on investment (ROI)  ROI is a basic measure for determining profits earned by a specific business investment  (Gain of Investment – Cost of Investment)/Cost of Investment X 100 = % ROI 2. Goals, Outputs, and Outcomes  A popular concept in business circles to help quickly clarify how design solutions meet business objectives  Setting success metrics by defining each project in terms of goals, outputs and outcomes o Goals: define why a project was commissioned and the purposes driving all associated actions o Outputs: sometimes referred to as “deliverables” outputs are tangible and help achieve project goals o Outcomes: the effects generated by outputs and should align with project goals and be measured upon project completion 3. Factfinder Report  Design council did a market analysis of the design sector – and complied it into a survey  HUGE return on investment 4. Design Effectiveness Industry Report  Design served business in two broadly defined categories, Functional and Experimental Design 5. The Economic Effect of Design  The report is one of the first studies to thoroughly document the critical role design plays in business success 6. The greater role in design , the stronger the return The Value of Design 01/19/2016 How do the services that designers provide generate value for clients  Hard value: factual data that can be calculated o Things that are tangible, concrete, easily measured o Ex: saves money on materials, driving times o Objectively recorded, using familiar numeric units of assignment  Soft value: subjective, intangible, more difficult to measure o Ex: emotive connection, delights or inspires o Measuring soft value takes a more qualitative/subjective approach o Its easy to celebrate hard numbers, but soft value is essential to making meaningful connections Hierarchy of Value  Some things are more valuable than others in design  Hierarchy of User Needs o William Lidwell, Kritina Holden used Maslow’s hierarchy and applied it to design o Maslow’s Hierarchy  Self-actualization (top)  Esteem  Love and belonging  Safety  Physiological needs (base) o Hierarchy of User Needs  Creativity (top)  Creativity and innovation allow users to experience info in ways they never imagined possible. Designs that change expectations or connect with a user in ways that are unique and novel (while meeting all of our other needs) have the highest level of value  Proficiency  Proficiency empowers users to do things better than they were previously able. Systems or designs that achieve proficiency have high value. Making good things better.  Usability  Design should make info easy to understand, process and retain. Usability expands value, but is expected  Reliability  Design must be reliable or function in a reliable, consistent way. Creating systems that behave consistently move a design up the value pyramid.  Functionality (base)  function must be the first consideration, and design must meet the user’s basic needs  Design Staircase o Stage 1: No Design  Characterized by design playing no significant role in product or service development o Stage 2: Design as Styling  Design is used in a superficial way in terms of appearance (“design as decoration”) o Stage 3: Design as Process  Design is used as a process to develop new products or services o Stage 4: Design as Strategy  Design is integrated into a company’s culture and aligned with business goals Defining Value 1. Return on Investment  The most common and broadly used tool in establishing financial success in business is return on investment (ROI)  ROI is a basic measure for determining profits earned by a specific business investment  (Gain of Investment – Cost of Investment)/Cost of Investment X 100 = % ROI 2. Goals, Outputs, and Outcomes  A popular concept in business circles to help quickly clarify how design solutions meet business objectives  Setting success metrics by defining each project in terms of goals, outputs and outcomes o Goals: define why a project was commissioned and the purposes driving all associated actions o Outputs: sometimes referred to as “deliverables” outputs are tangible and help achieve project goals o Outcomes: the effects generated by outputs and should align with project goals and be measured upon project completion 3. Factfinder Report  Design council did a market analysis of the design sector – and complied it into a survey  HUGE return on investment 4. Design Effectiveness Industry Report  Design served business in two broadly defined categories, Functional and Experimental Design 5. The Economic Effect of Design  The report is one of the first studies to thoroughly document the critical role design plays in business success 6. The greater role in design , the stronger the return