In Exercises 53-60. find the particular solution of each system of differemial equations thlll satisfies the given initial conditions. 57 y; = 6yt - 5yz - 7)'3 >'l = )'t - )'3 y) = 3)'t - 3}'2 - 4y; with .l't (0) = 0, )'2(0) = 2. )'3(0) = 1
Unit10Notes–EconomicSystems AdaptiveStrategies -Interconnectedsystemsforsurvival -Fiveprimarystrategies: 1. Foraging -TraditionalEcologicalKnowledge(TEK) -Detailedcollectiveknowledgeoffloraandfaunaintheirsurroundings -Smallcommunities(40-60people) -EgalitarianSociety(allhaveequalaccesstoresources) -Eldersrespectedbasedonknowledge -Divisionsoflaborbasedongender 2. Horticulture -Firstcultivatingeconomy -Naturally-occurringplantsarerelocatedtoagarden -Slash-and-burntechniquetoclearland -Populationlimitedbyavailableuseableland -Peopleowngardenproduce,notlanditself -Villagesconsistofsinglekingroup -Eachhouseholdownsagardenandkeepstheproduce 3. Pastoralism -Livelihoodbasedontendinglivestock i. Secondaryanimalproducts -Dietssupplementedwithforaging -Herdanimalsprovidesubsistenceandsocialstatus -Kinshipdeterminesaccesstoland/resources 4. Agriculture -Intensiveformofcultivation -Useofdomesticatedplants -Useoftechnology -Modificationofland(TerraceFarming) -Individualownershipofland -Largeincreaseinnumberofpeoplesupported(dependsonsophisticationoftechnology used) 5. Industrialism -Economicemphasisonmanufacturing -Individualism(laborroledeterminedbyfunction) -Globalization(importofrawmaterial;warseruptoverscarceres ources) Alleconomicsystemsarecomposedofthreeparts: 1. Production -Fivetypesofproductionstrategies: 1. Foraging 2. Horticulture 3. Pastoralism 4. Agriculture 5. Industrialization 2. Distribution -Howgoodsaremovedthroughoutthecommunity -Reciprocity -Thegivingandtakingwithoutuseofmoney -Foragers,horticulturalistsandpastoralists -GeneralizedReciprocity -Primarytypeamongforagers -Peoplegivewithoutexpectationofreturn -requireshighlevelsoftrustandaccountability -BalancedReciprocity -Givingwithexpectationofreturn -Primarysystemamonghorticulturalistsandpastoralists -Redistribution -Primaryformofagriculturalsocieties -Centralizedauthorityaccumulatesgoodsfromsocietymembers,redistributesthemasit seesfit -Resourcesoftenusedtoimprovecommunityinfrastructure -MarketExchange -Foundinindustrialsocieties -Exchangegoods(includinglabor)formoney -Valueofagoodisnotfixed(determinedbyrulesofsupplyanddemand) 3. Consumption -Howgoodsareused -Associatedwithsystemsofdistribution -Regardedintermsofcapital -Goodsusedtoproduceothergoods -Inagriculturalandindustrialsocieties,rulingclasshasprimaryaccesstogoods -Consider: InUSA2008,wealthiest10%ofpopulationowns70%ofcountry'scap ital -Thepoorest40%ownsonly0.5%ofcapital -Issuesofdifferencesinaccessdirectlyrelatedtopoverty -Ideasofpovertyandwealthareethnocentric TheKulaRingoftheTrobrianders -Systemofnon-competitive,ceremonialexchange -Onlymenparticipate -Helpsestablish,reinforcealliancesandtradingrelationships -Twothingstraded: -Redshellednecklace"Soulava" -Whiteshelledarmband"Mwali" -IfyougetaSoulava,youmustgiveaMwaliinreturn,andviseversa.
