Eleven molecules have speeds 15, 16, 17, , 25 m/s.

Population Ecology (Chapter 54 – Pg 1113) 03/06/2016 ▯ Population: a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area at the same time ▯ Population Ecology: study of how and why the number of individuals in a population changes over time and space. ▯ Distribution and Abundance  Two fundamental concepts in ecology  Range: geographic distribution of different species o is always in constant flux because abiotic and biotic factors change over time.  Abiotic Factors: temperature/rainfall/oceans/mountains  Biotic Factors: presence of other species that provide habitat, food, or competition ▯ Population Density: the number of individuals per unit area ▯ Individual organisms can be arranges in different patters within populations  Arrangement can be random o If position of individual is independent from the others  “ “ clumped o if quality of habitat is patchy o if organisms associate in social groups  “ “ uniform o if negative interactions occur amongst individuals (ex: competition) ▯ Metapopulation: a population of populations connected by migrations  Because us humans are reducing large, contiguous areas, more and more species are being forced into metapopulation infrastructures. ▯ Mark – Recapture Study  Step 1: Capture animals, mark them, and release them back into their natural habitat. 