Consider the fully protonated amino acid valine: CH3 NH3 CH3 H H C C COOH 9.62 2.32 where the numbers denote the pKa values. (a) Which of the two groups (N 1 H3 or COOH) is more acidic? (b) Calculate the predominant form of valine at pH 1.0, 7.0, and 12.0. (c) Calculate the isoelectric point of valine. (Hint: See 16.137.)
Thermochemistry Chapter 6 Tuesday, January 19, 2016 2:49 PM Law of thermodynamics: Energy is conserved; the total energy change in the system and the surroundings is 0. Euniverse = E system-Esurroundings o System= thing being studied o Surroundings = everything else qsys= -qsurr Reaction Types Exothermic Reactions - when the system loses heat energy and work is being done on the surroundings Esystems less than 0 (negative value) Esurroundingsreater than 0 (positive value) o If the initial temperature is lower than the final temperature then the reaction is exothermic Endothermic Reactions - wh
