ENGINEERING APPLICATION Current experiments in atomic

Chapter , Problem 79

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ENGINEERING APPLICATION Current experiments in atomic trapping and cooling can create low-density gases of rubidium and other atoms with temperatures in the nanokelvin range. These atoms are trapped and cooled using magnetic fields and lasers in ultrahigh vacuum chambers. One method that is used to measure the temperature of a trapped gas is to turn the trap off and measure the time it takes for molecules of the gas to fall a given distance. Consider a gas of rubidium atoms at a temperature of 120 nK. Calculate how long it would take an atom traveling at the rms speed of the gas to fall a distance of 10.0 cm if (a) it were initially moving directly downward, and (b) if it were initially moving directly upward. Assume that the atom does not collide with any other atoms along its trajectory.

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