Multitasking with technology in the classroom. Laptops and

Chapter , Problem 12.20

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Multitasking with technology in the classroom. Laptops and other digital technologies with wireless access to the Internet are becoming more and more common in the classroom. While numerous studies have shown that these technologies can be used effectively as part of teaching, there is concern that these technologies can also distract learners if used for off-task behaviors. In one study that looked at the effects of off-task multitasking with digital technologies in the classroom, a total of 145 undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of seven conditions.7 Each condition involved a task that was conducted simultaneously with a class lecture. The study consisted of three 20-minute lectures, each followed by a 15-item quiz. The following table summarizes the conditions and quiz results. Condition n Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lecture 3 Texting 21 0.57 0.75 0.56 Email 20 0.52 0.69 0.50 Facebook 20 0.50 0.68 0.43 MSN Messaging 21 0.48 0.71 0.42 Natural use control 21 0.50 0.78 0.58 Word-processing control 21 0.55 0.75 0.57 Paper-and-pencil control 21 0.60 0.74 0.53 (a) For this analysis, lets consider the average of the three quizzes as the response. Compute this mean for each condition. (b) The analysis of these average scores results in SSG 5 0.22178 and SSE 5 2.00238. Test the null hypothesis that the mean scores across all conditions are equal. (c) Using the marginal means from part (a) and the Bonferroni multiple-comparisons method, determine which pairs of means differ significantly at the 0.05 significance level. (Hint: There are 21 pairwise comparisons, so the critical t-value is 3.095.) (d) Summarize your results from parts (b) and (c) in a short report.