Statistical Literacy In a statistical test, we have a

Chapter 7: Perception, Attention and Memory in Early Childhood Perceptual Development Analytic Versus Holistic Processing  Children favor holistic when younger o Focus on size an shape (global similarity) o Adults process holistically in some conditions  Face recognition, inverted faces  Harder to distinguish parts of inverted faces  Pattern vs size/shape judgments in grouping stimuli  Pellicano and Rhodes o Special facial processing o Holistic o Example of a domain specific, encapsulated process Object Recognition  Hindsight bias in adults o Hindsight bias happens when we overestimate our ability to predict an event beforehand based on knowledge we obtain after the event. o In hindsight people will often think “they knew it all along”  Hindsight bias in children o Fish experiment (blur, noise, parts) o Children are extra prone to hindsight bias, say a third party will see the fish way earlier than the children do in the test Attention and Executive Functioning  Exec functioning o Selective attention: ability to allocate, or direct, mental resources to a particular task o Divided attention: ability to divide attention across two tasks (multi- tasking) o Practice effect: When we become skilled at a process it is easier to divide our attention Development of attention spans o Vigilance task (selector/distractor task o Children watch a continuous stream of stimuli o Target occurs on 25% of trials, Distractor occurs on 75% of trials o Older children better than younger**  Sustained attention o What children did o Children participated in 3 tasks o Watched a videotape of a puppet show, Played with toys,Performed in a laboratory reaction-time task, Children’s ages were 30, 42 and 50 months o Results: (Look at graph) Inhibitory Control  Governed by prefrontal cortex  Belongs to set of abilities needed for executive functioning  Self regulation  Planning  Monitoring  Modifying behavior  Maintaining attentional focus  Red light green light game/ Simon says game Memory Development Memory Capacity Memory Strategies and Metacognition Event Memory and Scripts Autobiographical Memory Eyewitness Memory Media Usage in the Preschool Years