In 41-44, find the intercepts and graph each line. 1 1 43

Week 11 psych notes Finishing chapter 14­ Child Maltreatment­ not including spanking and minor punishments ­Can include: physical abuse/harm, neglect (most common), sexual abuse, emotional abuse ­Often in combination with each other, by same perpetrator or multiple perpetrators Neglect­ failure to provide care Common contexts associated with maltreatment:  parenting stress (isolation, lack of resources, child with disability)  parental substance use/ abuse  economic instability or stress  acceptance of aggression as a discipline strategy Consequences of maltreatment  primarily problems in social development o attachment problems o peer relations o emotion regulation o relationship violence (effects can be long term, “re­victimization” by placing self into abusive relationship as well as perpetration of violence or abuse) o internal working model of adults as abusers can occur­ can be reversed or lessened if there is a mentor that can show what unconditional positive regard is  some clinical problems o anxiety, depression, substance abuse Marriage and Divorce­ Trends in marriage  Marriage rates (51% in 2010)  Marrying young vs marrying later (used to be early 20’s, now late 20’s/early 30’s)  Traditional roles vs the “peer marriage” o Man in primary worker, woman cares for children and home = traditional o Both partners work and contribute to care of home and children = peer marriage  Marriage as the goal vs marriage as one of many goals o Self­worth being measured as ability to find husband  Married men are happier than married women What makes a successful marriage  Gottman: pioneer in marriage research o Videotapes of marital interaction o Measure of heart rate, blood pressure, etc.  What makes a marriage work o Communication, emotional openness, “fighting fair,” compromise, friendship (more important now than used to be) The four horsemen of the apocalypse­ communication styles that predict relationship failure 1. Criticism­ verbally attacking partner’s character or personality 2. Contempt­ attacking your partner’s sense of self with an intention to insult or psychologically abuse them 3. Defensiveness­ seeing yourself as the victim in efforts to ward off a perceived attack and reverse the blame 4. Stonewalling­ withdrawing from the relationship as a way to avoid conflict in efforts to convey disapproval, distance, and separation Benefits of a happy marriage  Unhappy marriages­ more illness, premature death  Happy marriages­ longer, healthier lives; physiologically soothing Divorce  Most occur 5­10 years after the marriage began o Differences in early vs mid­life divorcers  Early­ child related stress, loss of passion; volatile and expressive relationships, romantic love “burns out”  Mid­life­ partner becomes a stranger, alienated; abuse (verbal, physical, emotional); cheating; partners grow apart Divorce side effects:  Substance abuse  Depression  Sleep disorders  Stress  Financial concerns  Illness (compromised immune responses)  Loneliness  “Second chance”  Remarriage  Improved work opportunities (especially for women)  Focus on parenting or other relationships 6 Responses to divorce: 1. Enhancement a. Things were better off 2. The “Good­Enoughs” a. Largest group b. Doing fine, but lacking the sense of “better” 3. The “Seekers” a. Immediately searching for a new partner (more men than women) 4. The “Libertines” a. Partying, excited to be single again b. Short­lived, about a year 5. The “Competent Loners” a. Not interested in another partnership at the time 6. The “Defeated” a. Small percentage of sample b. Ill, substance use, negative outlook How does divorce affect children  Most children (75%+) do not experience major problems  Typical issues o Depression, anxiety, low self­esteem o Acting out, delinquency Buffers against divorce related problems ­parents still get along ­good parenting (authoritative) ­older age at divorce ­easy temperament ­lack of behavior problems before divorce