In the 1970s, the U.S. Veterans Administration (Murphy, 1977) conducted an experiment comparing coronary artery bypass surgery with medical drug therapy as treatments for coronary artery disease. The experiment involved 596 patients, of whom 286 were randomly assigned to receive surgery, with the remaining 310 assigned to drug therapy. A total of 252 of those receiving surgery, and a total of 270 of those receiving drug therapy were still alive 3 years after treatment. Use these data to test the hypothesis that the survival probabilities are equal.
BIO 193-301 Week One Notes • Evolution of plants o Terrestrial plants v. aquatic plants o Benefit for terrestrial plants ▯ More nutrients were on land than in water o Issue for terrestrial plants ▯ Not as much water o Derivation from green algae ▯ Some plants and (green) algae have similar characteristics ▯ Biggest distinction is that plants are terrestrial • Physical characteristics of plants o Cuticle o Stomata o Multicellular gametangia (Archegonia and Antheridia; NOT ALL PLANTS HAVE THESE, DON’T SEE THESE IN FLOWERING PLANTS) ▯ Archegonia ▯ Antheridia o Protected embryo (Embryophytes) o Sporangia o Spores (ALL PLANTS HAVE THESE) o Secondary Products: lignin, sporopollenin ▯ There are two important functions of lignin o Vascular tissue (xylem and phloem; NOT ALL PLANTS HAVE THIS) o Pollen (NOT ALL PLANTS HAVE THIS) o Seeds (NOT ALL PLANTS HAVE THIS) o Fruits (NOT ALL PLANTS HAVE THIS) • Important four events in plant life history o Terrestrial adaptations (ALL PLANTS) o Gaining vascular tissue (SOME PLANTS) o Gaining seeds (SOME PLANTS) o Development of flowering plants (SOME PLANTS) • Four groups of plants o Non-vascular o Seedless o Gymnosperms o Angiosperms • Three phyla of nonvascular plants o Hepatophyta o Bryophyta o Anthocerophyta • Alternation of generations • Sporophytes are plants that make spores • Gametophytes are plants that make gametes (eggs and sperms)
