The ammonia molecule 1NH32 has a dipole moment of 5.0 *

Chapter 21, Problem 21.54

(choose chapter or problem)

The ammonia molecule 1NH32 has a dipole moment of 5.0 * 10-30 C # m. Ammonia molecules in the gas phase are placed in a uniform electric field E S with magnitude 1.6 * 106 N>C. (a) What is the change in electric potential energy when the dipole moment of a molecule changes its orientation with respect to E S from parallel to perpendicular? (b) At what absolute temperature T is the average translational kinetic energy 3 2 kT of a molecule equal to the change in potential energy calculated in part (a)? (Note: Above this temperature, thermal agitation prevents the dipoles from aligning with the electric field.)

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