Answer: Births: Sampling Distribution of Sample Proportion

Earth Science Exam Study Guide 1. Cold Fronts: vertically orientated, moving towards the front ­ Warm Fronts: shallow slope, up & over the front, elongated clouds, rain, & air is moving away from the front 2. Warm &Cold Advection: something moving ­ Cold front: temperature goes down ­ Warm front: temperature goes up 3. Basic Stages to Thunderstorm Development: ­ Stage 1: Cumulus clouds, updrafts ­ Stage 2: Mature, clouds expand upward & water droplets begin to accumulate at top of the cloud (precipitation loading); microburst: evaporation occurs as rain falls to the ground (updrafts & downdrafts) ­ Stage 3: Dissipation: clouds fall apart, all downdrafts *This entire process takes about an hour to occur 4. Lightning: created by difference in charges up in the clouds created by differences in precipitation types (rain, snow, hail) 5. Thunder is caused by separation of lightning, this creates large pressure waves 6. Regions of the U.S. that see the most thunderstorm days per year: Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana  warm & moisture 2 : New Mexico & Colorado (mountainous areas) 7. Mesocyclone: areas of tiny upward rotations 8. What role does wind shear play in forming tornadoes Wind direction and speed is changing: blowing in different directions ­ Causes the air to rotate ­ Lift & intense rotations upwards create tornadoes 9. Flash Flooding: thunderstorms that rain a whole bunch – sudden 10. Training Storm: one moves in after another 11. Hail: forms up in the clouds and as its size increases it finally falls when it overcomes the updraft in clouds 12. Precipitation loading is the buildup of precipitation in the top of the cloud 13. Precipitation loading leads o microbursts when the rain droplets are heavy enough to fall out of the clouds onto the ground 14. Hurricanes develop in these conditions: warm water, warm sea surface temperatures  80°F, low wind shear, high moisture, and away from the equator 15. Hurricanes do not form at the equator because there’s no rotational force in that area 5° below and above 16. Latent Heat is heat generated from condensation 17. Sensible Heat is heat given off by the ocean, transported into atmosphere 18. 4 stages of hurricane development: ­ 1. Area of Disturbance ­ 2. Depression ­ 3. Tropical Storm (when the storm is given its name) ­ 4. Hurricane 19. The eye of the storm is the center of the storm, very calm & clear skies, lowest pressure & highest temperature 20. The eyewall has the heaviest winds, most destructive part, outside this is the rainbands 21. A tropical storm receives its name at stage 3 of hurricane development 22. Storm surge is ocean water being pushed on shore by the strong winds 23. Fresh water flooding is from rivers & rainfall 24. Hurricanes have counterclockwise rotation while traveling overseas and oceans. The eye makes landfall to the right of it, this is where the most damage occurs (Right Front Quadrant) 25. September and August is when you see the most hurricanes in the Atlantic because that is when the ocean is warmed up to 80° 26. Climate is the average measurement of weather over time 27. Climate regions are areas that have similar weather, does not have to be within the same country 28. Primary components that control global precipitation: How close to the ocean, north vs south, topography (altitude) 29. External Climate Forces: not part of the atmosphere (sun, volcanoes, people) Internal Climate Forces: part of the atmosphere (clouds) 30. Primary things that control global precipitation: oceans, how close to a body of water, mountains, Hadley cell (ITCZ) 31. Different tropical climate systems ­ Rainforest: rains all year long ­ Monsoon: rains 90% of the year, with a couple months break: short dry periods ­ Savannah: mostly dry, brief rain period