In 1997 and 2009, at United Nations conferences on climate change, many nations agreed

Chapter 4, Problem 4.151

(choose chapter or problem)

In 1997 and 2009, at United Nations conferences on climate change, many nations agreed to expand their research efforts to develop renewable sources of carbon-based fuels. For more than a quarter century, Brazil has been engaged in a program to replace gasoline with ethanol derived from the root crop manioc (cassava). (a) Write separate balanced equations for the complete combustion of ethanol (C2H5OH) and of gasoline (represented by the formula C8H18). (b) What mass of oxygen is required to burn completely 1.00 L of a mixture that is 90.0% gasoline (d 5 0.742 g/mL) and 10.0% ethanol (d 5 0.789 g/mL) by volume? (c) If 1.00 mol of O2 occupies 22.4 L, what volume of O2 is needed to burn 1.00 L of the mixture? (d) Air is 20.9% O2 by volume. What volume of air is needed to burn 1.00 L of the mixture?

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