Several commercial laundry soaps contain water-softening agents, usually sodium

Chapter 25, Problem PROBLEM 25-5

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Several commercial laundry soaps contain water-softening agents, usually sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) or sodium phosphate (Na3PO4 or Na2HPO4). Explain how these water-softening agents allow soaps to be used in water that is hard by virtue of its (a) low pH. (b) dissolved Ca2+, Mg2+, and Fe3+ salts.

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