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Organic Chemistry | 3rd Edition | ISBN: 9780077354725 | Authors: Janice Gorzynski Smith
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Citric acid and zingerone are two naturally occurring compounds. What orbitals are used

Chapter 1, Problem 1.71

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QUESTION:

Citric acid and zingerone are two naturally occurring compounds. What orbitals are used to form each indicated bond? a. HO O O CO2H H citric acid (responsible for the tartness of citrus fruits) CO2H b. zingerone (responsible for the pungent taste of ginger) O CH3 HO H

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QUESTION:

Citric acid and zingerone are two naturally occurring compounds. What orbitals are used to form each indicated bond? a. HO O O CO2H H citric acid (responsible for the tartness of citrus fruits) CO2H b. zingerone (responsible for the pungent taste of ginger) O CH3 HO H

ANSWER:

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When a carbon atom forms four single covalent bonds (sigma bonds), then it is  hybridized. When a carbon atom forms a double bond ( a pi bond), then it is  hybridized. When a carbon atom forms a triple bond (two pi bonds), it is sp hybridized.

When an oxygen atom forms two single covalent bonds (sigma bonds), then it is  hybridized. When an oxygen atom forms a double bond ( a pi bond), then it is unhybridized, and its 2p orbitals are used in the bonding.

Hydrogen atoms form a single covalent bond, and it is unhybridized. Its 1s orbital is used in the bonding.

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