Before email made it easy to contact many people quickly, groups used telephone trees to

Chapter 13, Problem 20

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Before email made it easy to contact many people quickly, groups used telephone trees to pass news to their members. In one group, each person is in charge of calling 4 people. One person starts the tree by calling 4 people. At the second stage, each of these 4 people call another 4 people. In the third stage, each of the people in stage two calls 4 people, and so on. (a) How many people have the news by the end of the 5th stage? (b) Write a formula for the total number of members in a tree of 10 stages. (c) How many stages are required to cover a group with 5000 members?

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