The paper Quantitative Assessment of GlenohumeralTranslation in Baseball Players (The

Chapter 9, Problem 88

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The paper Quantitative Assessment of GlenohumeralTranslation in Baseball Players (The Amer. J. of Sports Med.,2004: 17111715) considered various aspects of shouldermotion for a sample of pitchers and another sample of positionplayers [glenohumeral refers to the articulation between thehumerus (ball) and the glenoid (socket)]. The authors kindlysupplied the following data on anteroposterior translation(mm), a measure of the extent of anterior and posteriormotion, both for the dominant arm and the nondominant arm.Pos Dom Tr Pos ND Tr Pit Dom Tr Pit ND Tr1 30.31 32.54 27.63 24.332 44.86 40.95 30.57 26.363 22.09 23.48 32.62 30.624 31.26 31.11 39.79 33.745 28.07 28.75 28.50 29.846 31.93 29.32 26.70 26.717 34.68 34.79 30.34 26.458 29.10 28.87 28.69 21.499 25.51 27.59 31.19 20.8210 22.49 21.01 36.00 21.7511 28.74 30.31 31.58 28.3212 27.89 27.92 32.55 27.2213 28.48 27.85 29.56 28.8614 25.60 24.95 28.64 28.5815 20.21 21.59 28.58 27.1516 33.77 32.48 31.99 29.4617 32.59 32.48 27.16 21.2618 32.60 31.6119 29.30 27.46mean 29.4463 29.2137 30.7112 26.6447sd 5.4655 4.7013 3.3310 3.6679a. Estimate the true average difference in translationbetween dominant and nondominant arms for pitchers ina way that conveys information about reliability and precision,and interpret the resulting estimate.b. Repeat (a) for position players.c. The authors asserted that pitchers have greater differencein side-to-side anteroposterior translation of their shoulderscompared with position players. Do you agree? Explain.