Which of the following plasma proteins is not produced by the liver? a. fibrinogen b. alpha globulin c. beta globulin d. immunoglobulin
Meiosis & sexual reproduction Sexual Reproduction - Combines genetically unique egg and sperm - Results in genetically unique offspring - Variation means individuals will be able to persist if a new predator is introduced Mutations - Ultimate source of genetic variation - Passed to offspring unless lethal - Source of new alleles Alleles - Alternate forms of gene - 3 different alleles for a blood type Diploid organisms - Alleles are carried on homologous chromosomes Diploid dominant life cycle: - Takes places in testis and ovaries - Fertilization - Cell division & mitosis Sexual Reproduction - Alternating meiosis and fertilization o Meiosis in diploid germ line cells produces haploid gametes o Fertilization produces diploid zygote Features of Meiosis - Includes 2 rounds of division (Meiosis I & Meiosis II) but only 1 round of DNA replication - Each meiotic cycle has prophase, metaphase, anaphase, & telophase - Synapsis: association between homologous chromosome pairs in Meiosis I - crossing Over: homologous exchange DNA segments - diploid cell replicates all the chromosomes haploidsister chromatids Synapsis & crossing over - prophase I - Recombinant chromosomes - Genetic Variation Independent Assortment - Metaphase I - Genetic Variation - # of possible combinations= 2n - the way they line up is random - slightly different information on the red vs the blues Stages of Meiosis Meiosis