Problem 52E
Ionization Energies; Electron Affinities (Sections)
f the electron affinity for an element is a negative number, does it mean that the anion of the element is more stable than the neutral atom? Explain.
Elementary Chemistry Ch 4.34.8 4.3 Quantum Numbers Each electron in an atom is associated with a set of four Quantum Numbers Principle Quantum Number (n): o Any positive integral value Most stable atoms have values from 17 Ground State: most stable electronic state of an atom Excited State: any state higher than the ground state Angular Momentum Quantum Number (ℓ): o Electrons have values from zero (n1) Cannot be as large as n o Small role in determining the energy of the electron o Determines the shape of the volume of space that the electron can occupy Magnetic Quantum Number (m ): e o Values ranging from ℓ through xero to +e o Value of m eoesn't normally affect the energy of an electron o Determines the orientation in space of the volume that can contain the electron Spin Quantum Number (m ): s o Values of ½ or +½ o Value doesn't depend on value of any other quantum number o Gives the orientation of the magnetic field associated with the electron Pauli Exclusion Principle: no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers o Together with the n+e rule, it determines the number of electrons in an atom 4.4 Relative Energies of Electrons N+e rule: Electrons increase in energy as the sum of n+e increases o Can make a