Problem 48E
Use the periodic table to determine each quantity.
a. The number of 3s electrons in Mg
b. The number of 3d electrons in Cr
c. The number of 4d electrons in Y
d. The number of 6p electrons in Pb
Ligands o Monodentate Only coordinates to the metal at one spot on molecule o Bidentate & Polydentate Can coordinate to the metal at multiple spots Typically larger molecules i.e. Ethylenediamine (en) below Formation Constants o Complex with larger formation constant forms more favorably o K fiffer because of Gibbs Free Energy Chelate Effect (kee-late) Larger K fave larger change in entropy Chelating Agents o Remove or separate metal ions from a solution o i.e. EDTA removes poisonous trace metals in food Energy in Coordinate Chemistry o Ligand’s electrons are attracted to metal cation Increases energy of the d-orbitals o Crystal Field Splitting Difference in energy among d-orbitals based on ligand geometry Used to explain many observations about coordinate chemistry, such as color and magnetism Octohedral Geometry Ligands are along x, y, z axes Raises energy of d z2and d x -yorbitals the most Raises energy of other d orbitals less Tetrahedral Geometry Ligands come between axes 2 2 2 Raises energy of d z and d x -y orbitals less Raises energy of other d orbitals th