Convert each of the following fractions or mixed numbers to percents. 33 ___ 4

1.1 Variable: a characteristic that varies from person to person, object to object, etc. Categorical: outcome/answer is a catagory Quantitative: outcome/answer is a number that represents a quantity Explanatory: explains the change in the response variable Response: changes based on the explanatory variable Case: is who/what we record the variable about Ex: The individual movie title in worksheet 1.1 1.2 Population: The whole group of specific individuals you are interested Sample: A small group drawn from the larger population Statistical Inference: How the sample data reflects on the greater population Sampling bias: occurs when the method of selecting the sample causes the sample to differ in some relevant way from the population Random sampling is the fairest way to avoid sampling bias 1.3 GONNA BE ON ALL EXAMS Association: When variables tend to be related (ice cream sales are ASSOCIATED with air conditioner sales) Causation: When changing the value of one variable Influences the value of the other variable (air conditioner prices INFLUENCE air conditioner Sales) Observational Study: Researcher does not directly control any variable, but simply observes the values as they naturally exist Cons: Cannot prove causation, can only show association Experiment: a study where the researcher actively controls a variable Confounding variable: a third variable that is associated with both explanatory variable and the response variable (size of community relates to both kindergarten