The following argument claims to prove that the requirement that an equivalence relation

Chapter 8, Problem 45

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The following argument claims to prove that the requirement that an equivalence relation be reflexive is redundant. In other words, it claims to show that if a relation is symmetric and transitive, then it is reflexive. Find the mistake in the argument.“Proof: Let R be a relation on a set A and suppose R is symmetric and transitive. For any two elements x and y in A, if x R y then y R x since R is symmetric. But then it follows by transitivity that x R x. Hence R is reflexive.”

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