Answer: Arterial stenosis is a constriction of an artery, often due to plaque buildup on

Chapter 15, Problem 83

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Arterial stenosis is a constriction of an artery, often due to plaque buildup on the arterys inner walls. Serious medical conditions can result, depending on the affected artery. Stenosis of the carotid arteries that supply blood to the brain is a leading cause of stroke, while stenosis of the renal arteries can lead to kidney failure. Pulmonary artery stenosis results from birth defects, and can result in insufficient oxygen supply. Because the heart has to work harder to get blood through a constricted artery, stenosis can contribute to high blood pressure. In answering the questions below, assume steady flow (which is true in arteries only on short timescales). If the artery has circular cross section even at the stenosis, but the diameter at the stenosis is half that in the surrounding artery, the blood flow speed in the stenosis will be a. one-fourth that in the surrounding artery. b. one-half that in the surrounding artery. c. the same as in the surrounding artery. d. 12 times that in the surrounding artery. e. four times that in the surrounding artery

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