In 12.20 and 12.25, we estimated the earthssurface

Chapter 13, Problem 13.46

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In 12.20 and 12.25, we estimated the earthssurface temperature, assuming the earth is black. Mostof the earths surface is water, which has a hemispher-ical emissivity of ??0.96. In reality, the water sur-face is not flat but has waves and ripples.(a) Assuming the wave geometry can be closelyapproximated as two-dimensional and as shownin the schematic, determine the effective emissiv-ity of the water surface, as defined in Problem13.43, for ??3?/4.(b) Calculate and plot the effective emissivity of thewater surface, normalized by the hemisphericalemissivity of water (?eff/?) over the range ?/2??.

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