Evaluate the following without using the formula from Theorem 17.12. Indeed, try to find

▯ Cindy Sherman’s “horizontals”  Trying to emulate cinematic qualities and center-folds  Extreme close-ups, giving intimacy  Implied violence in all her photographs ▯ Nikki S. Lee:  Subcultures in Manhattan and performance art  All time stamped  Point and shoot camera  Look like authentic amateur shots that anyone could have taken o Invoking aspects of vernacular  Yuppie Project  Punk Project o Not ethnicity, more style  Schoolgirls Project  Ohio Project o Dealing with cultures that may not be naturally open to her  Hispanic Project  Lesbian Project ▯ Color Photography  Invention of the autochrome (very early color work), invented by the Lumiere brothers in France o Heinrich Kuhn’s Violets = early color  In the 20s and 30s – color = exclusive domain of magazines, used to sell items that may be unsellable otherwise and B+W = art form  Kodachrome invention in 1935, allowed for better quality color film and cheap enough that everyone could buy (worked for film + photo), still color photography didn’t pick up yet  Steichen’s The Pond (when he was still a pictorialist) – used gumme by chromate  1960s: color photography = acceptable as an art form o pioneer: William Eggleston – tricycle, child’s view of suburbia, huge bike and the car looks insignificant in comparison  Red ceiling: