Low-altitude wind shear is a major cause of air carrier accidents in the United States

Chapter 0, Problem P8.21

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Low-altitude wind shear is a major cause of air carrier accidents in the United States. Most of these accidents have been caused by either microbursts (small-scale, low-altitude, intense thunderstorm downdrafts that impact the surface and cause strong divergent outflows of wind) or by the gust front at the leading edge of expanding thunderstorm outflows. A microburst encounter is a serious problem for either landing or departing aircraft, because the aircraft is at low altitudes and is traveling at just over 25% above its stall speed [12]. The design of the control of an aircraft encountering wind shear after takeoff may be treated as a problem of stabilizing the climb rate about a desired value of the climb rate. The resulting controller uses only climb rate information. The standard negative unity feedback system of Figure 8.24 has a loop transfer function FIGURE P8.20 A space robot with three arms, shown capturing a satellite. Gc(s)G(s) = -200s2 s* + 14s2 + 44s + 40'