Solutions for Chapter 15: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 3rd Edition

The process of introducing an acyl group, RCO! or ArCO!, onto an organic molecule.

A reaction in which two alkenes interchange the carbons attached to their double bonds.

An unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.

For a peptide chain,the end that contains the COOH group. carbinolamine (Sect. 20.6): A compound containing a hydroxyl group (OH) and a nitrogen atom, both of which are connceted to the same carbon atom.

A strong attractive force that exists between atoms in a molecule. (Section 8.1)

A situation in which two or more orbitals have the same energy. (Section 6.7)

Atoms or groups on an atom that are bonded to an atom that is bonded to two nonidentical groups, one of which contains a chiral center. When one of the atoms or groups is replaced by another group, a new chiral center is created and a set of diastereomers results. The hydrogens of the CH2 group of 2-butanol, for example, are diastereotopic. Diastereotopic groups have different chemical shifts under all conditions

A derivative of a carboxylic acid in which H of the carboxyl group is replaced by a carbon.

A catalyst that dissolves in the reaction medium.

An OH group.

A bond between oppositely charged ions. The ions are formed from atoms by transfer of one or more electrons. (Section 8.1)

A cyclic amide.

A solid, inorganic substance occurring in nature, such as calcium carbonate, which occurs as calcite. (Section 23.1)

A solid whose dimensions range from 1 to 100 nm and whose properties differ from those of a bulk material with the same composition. (Section 12.1)

A polymer in which each monomer unit is joined to the next by an amide bond, as, for example, nylon 66.

One of the four arrow-pushing patterns for ionic reactions.

An intermediate that has both a negative charge and an unpaired electron.

Constitutional isomers in equilibrium with each other that differ in the location of a hydrogen atom and a double bond relative to a heteroatom, most commonly O, N, or S.

In radical reactions, a step in which two radicals are joined to give a compound with no unshared electrons.

The geometry of an atom with four bonds separated from each other by 109.5°.