Solutions for Chapter 8: Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding

A carbocation in which the positive charge is adjacent to a carbon-carbon double bond.

A negatively charged ion. (Section 2.7)

The group derived from toluene by removing a hydrogen from its methyl group.

The phenomenon of going from the gaseous state to the liquid state. (11.8)

Orbitals that have the same energy.

For a mixture containing two enantiomers, the difference between the percent concentration of the major enantiomer and the percent concentration of its mirror image.

Any process with a negative DH (the system gives energy to the surroundings).

An atom or group of atoms that imparts characteristic chemical properties to an organic compound. (Section 24.1)

A compound containing a halogen atom bonded to one of the carbons of a carbon-carbon double bond.

The relationship among the pH, pKa, and the concentrations of acid and conjugate base in an aqueous solution: pH = pKa + log 3base4 3acid4. (Section 17.2)

A complex whose electrons populate the d orbitals to give the maximum number of unpaired electrons. (Section 23.6)

A cyclic ester.

A compound thatrotates plane-polarized light in a counterclockwisedirection (-).

The intermediateformed during oxymercuration.

A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. (Section 2.3)

A reaction that has a rate equation in which the sum of all exponents is two.

The dissolving medium of a solution; it is normally the component of a solution present in the greater amount. (Section 4.1)

Compounds that have the same constitution but differ in the 3D arrangement of atoms.

An element, such as carbon, that forms four bonds.

A method for preparing an ether from an alkoxide ion and an alkyl halide (via an SN2 process).