Solutions for Chapter 17: Chemical Equilibrium

An elimination reaction in which a proton from the beta (b) position is removed together with the leaving group, forming a double bond.

Hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n12, where n 5 1,2, . . . . (24.2)

A group derived by removing a hydrogen from an alkane; given the symbol R!

The compound CH2"C"CH2. Any compound that contains adjacent carbon-carbon double bonds; that is, any molecule that contains a C"C"C functional group.

A type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle and thereby transforms (or “decays”) into an atom with a mass number 4 less and atomic number 2 less. (Section 21.1)

A polymer in which the repeating units contain chirality centers which are not arranged in a pattern (they have random configurations).

See Charles’ law.

Polymerization in which molecules are joined together through condensation reactions. (Section 12.8)

A measure of the driving force, or electrical pressure, for the completion of an electrochemical reaction. Electromotive force is measured in volts: 1 V = 1 J>C. Also called the cell potential. (Section 20.4)

The temperature at which a polymer undergoes the transition from a hard glass to a rubbery state

Elements that are in the same column of the periodic table; elements within the same group or family exhibit similarities in their chemical behavior. (Section 2.5)

A catalyst that is in a different phase from that of the reactant substances. (Section 14.7)

In 1H NMR spectroscopy, the area under a signal indicates the number of protons giving rise to the signal.

One that occurs at constant temperature. (Section 19.1)

A spherical arrangement of organic molecules in water solution clustered so that their hydrophobic parts are buried inside the sphere and their hydrophilic parts are on the surface of the sphere and in contact with water

A hydrocarbon containing two or more fused benzene rings

Matter that has a fixed composition and distinct properties. (Section 1.2)

The study of three-dimensional arrangements of atoms in molecules

The ability of groups, because of their size, to hinder access to a reaction site within a molecule.

A method for predicting bond angles based on the idea that electron pairs repel each other and keep as far apart as possible.