Chemical Principles 8th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

Hormones that are secreted by the cortex (the outer layer) of the adrenal glands. Adrenocortical hormones are typically characterized by a carbonyl group or hydroxyl group at C11 of the steroid skeleton.

The Group 2A elements (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra). (2.4)

The position immediately adjacent to a functional group.

A polymer with completely random confi gurations at the chiral centers along its chain, as, for example, atactic polypropylene

A rule that determines the order in which orbitals are filled by electrons. Specifically, the lowest energy orbital is filled first.

An oxide that either reacts with water to form a base or reacts with an acid to form a salt and water. (Section 22.5)

A !COOH group.

Refers to the arrangement of atoms about a stereocenter

Similarities between pairs of elements in different groups and periods of the periodic table. (8.6)

A procedure for preparing a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated solution. (4.5)

In radical reaction mechanisms, a step in which a bond forms between the alpha (a) and beta (b) positions. As a result, a single bond at the b position is cleaved, causing the compound to fragment into two pieces.

Phosphoglycerides thatcontain choline.

Radiation that does not have sufficient energy to remove an electron from a molecule. (Section 21.9)

The smallest increment (a quantum) of radiant energy; a photon of light with frequency n has an energy equal to hn. (Section 6.2)

A biopolymer formed from amino acids. (Section 24.7)

A solvent that is a hydrogen-bond donor. Common protic solvents are water, low-molecular-weight alcohols, and low-molecular weight carboxylic acids.

A reaction in which one stereoisomer is formed in preference to all others. A stereoselective reaction may be enantioselective or diastereoselective, as the case may be.

A compound containingone or more p bonds.

A method for predicting bond angles based on the idea that electron pairs repel each other and keep as far apart as possible.

A term used to describe two identical groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms.