Chemical Principles 8th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

The energy gap between a fully occupied band called a valence band and an empty band called the conduction band. (Section 12.7)

A cholesterol-derived detergent molecule, such as cholic acid, which is secreted by the gallbladder into the intestine to assist in the absorption of dietary lipids.

The area of chemistry concerned with the speeds, or rates, at which chemical reactions occur. (13.1)

In an NMR spectrum, the location of a signal, defined relative to the frequency of absorption of a reference compound, tetramethylsilane (TMS).

In bond-line structures, agroup going behind the page.

A lone pair or charge that is participating in resonance.

A measure of the force of an atom’s attraction for electrons

The splitting of a large nucleus into two smaller ones. (Section 21.6)

The SI unit for radiation dose

The heat given off during a reaction in which an alkane reacts with oxygen to produce CO2 and water.

A process performed in the presence of hydrogen gas by which large alkanes in petroleum are converted into smaller alkanes that are more suitable for use as gasoline.

The total energy possessed by a system. When a system undergoes a change, the change in internal energy, ?E, is defined as the heat, q, added to the system, plus the work, w, done on the system by its surroundings: ?E = q + w. (Section 5.2)

A law that states that the elemental composition of a pure substance is always the same, regardless of its source; also called the law of constant composition. (Section 1.2)

When used in the context of fats and oils, a mixture of triglycerides that is liquid at room temperature

An electrically charged group of two or more atoms. (Section 2.7)

A compound that can be used to achieve the resolution of enantiomers.

A method that chemists use to deal with the inadequacy of bond-line drawings.

The reverse of an aldol reaction. A b-hydroxyketone or aldehyde is converted into two ketones or aldehydes.

A unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

A polymer in which the repeating units contain chirality centers which have alternating configuration.