Chemical Principles 8th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

A compound containing a carboxylic acid group (COOH) as well as an amino group (NH2), both of which are attached to the same carbon atom.

An amine in which the nitrogen atom is connected directly to an aromatic ring.

A polymer in which the repeating units contain chirality centers which are not arranged in a pattern (they have random configurations).

A three-dimensional plot of y2 of a wavefunction. It is a region of space that can accommodate electron density.

An sp3 -hybridized carbon bonded to a benzene ring

A measure of the degree to which the electrons are shared unequally between two atoms in a chemical bond. (Section 8.4)

A type of double-stranded DNA in which the 59 and 39 ends of each strand are joined by phosphodiester groups.

An addition reaction in which a nucleophile and a proton are added across the two ends of a conjugated p system.

A phenomenon observed most commonly for nonequivalent protons connected to adjacent carbon atoms in which the multiplicity of each signal is affected by the other.

A cumulated diene is one in which two double bonds share an sp-hybridized carbon

The measure of disorder associated with a system.

Cleavage of a bond so that one fragment retains both electrons and the other retains none.

An equation of state for gases that embodies Boyle’s law, Charles’s law, and Avogadro’s hypothesis in the form PV = nRT. (Section 10.4)

A functional group in which two acyl groups, RCO! or ArCO!, are bonded to a nitrogen atom

The polarization of the electron density of a covalent bond caused by the electronegativity of a nearby atom.

A compound that consists of molecules. (Section 2.6)

A covalent bond between atoms whose difference in electronegativity is between approximately 0.5 and 1.9.

A measure of the ease of distortion of the distribution of electron density about an atom or group in response to interaction with other molecules or ions. Fluorine which has a high electronegativity and holds its electrons tightly, has a very low polarizability. Iodine, which has a lower electronegativity and holds its electrons less tightly, has a very high polarizability.

A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. (Section 2.3)

A compound containing three hydroxyl groups.