Solutions for Chapter 2.2: Units of Measurement

The difference in Gibbs free energy between reactants and a transition state

The product obtained when the aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidized.

Carbohydrates that differ in confi guration only at their anomeric carbons.

The cycle that relates lattice energies of ionic compounds to ionization energies, electron affinities, heats of sublimation and formation, and bond enthalpies. (9.3)

An electrode at which reduction occurs. (Section 20.3)

A technique for separating amino acids from each other based on a difference in pI values.

A hypothetical gas whose pressure, volume, and temperature behavior is completely described by the ideal-gas equation. (Section 10.4)

Compounds formed when hydrogen reacts with alkali metals and also the heavier alkaline earths (Ca, Sr, and Ba); these compounds contain the hydride ion, H-. (Section 22.2)

A reaction in which a nucleophile attacks a conjugated p system, resulting in a 1,4-addition.

Molecules with low molecular weights, which can be joined together (polymerized) to form a polymer. (Section 12.8)

The NO+ ion, which is formed when NaNO2 is treated with HCl.

A reaction in which the CRC bond of an alkene is cleaved to form two CRO bonds.

A compound that absorbs light and transfers the energy to another molecule.

For proteins, the sequence of amino acid residues.

This principle states that the sequence of transition states and reactive intermediates in the mechanism of any reversible reaction must be the same, but in reverse order, for the reverse reaction as for the forward reaction

The conversion of a ketone or aldehyde into an imine under conditions in which the imine is reduced as soon as it is formed, giving an amine.

A molecular orbital that centers the electron density about an imaginary line passing through two nuclei. (Section 9.7)

The digits that indicate the precision with which a measurement is made; all digits of a measured quantity are significant, including the last digit, which is uncertain. (Section 1.5)

A hybrid atomic orbital formed by the combination of one s atomic orbital and two 2p atomic orbitals.

A hybrid atomic orbital formed by the combination of one s atomic orbital and three 2p atomic orbitals.