Organic Chemistry, - Standalone Book 2nd Edition - Solutions by Chapter

Compounds containing multiple aromatic rings fused together.

For a substituted aromatic ring, the effect of an electron-donating substituent that increases the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

The positions that are adjacent to the vinylic positions of a carboncarbon double bond.

A negatively charged ion. (Section 2.7)

An estimate of the size of an atom. See bonding atomic radius. (Section 7.3)

The number of bonding electron pairs shared between two atoms, minus the number of antibonding electron pairs: bond order = (number of bonding electrons - number of antibonding electrons)/2. (Section 9.7)

A polymer that contains a large number of branches connected to the main chain of the polymer.

The amount of acid or base a buffer can neutralize before the pH begins to change appreciably. (Section 17.2)

A compound containing a carboxyl, !COOH, group.

An expression showing the chemical composition of a compound in terms of the symbols for the atoms of the elements involved. (2.6)

A measure of radioactivity: 1 curie = 3.7 * 1010 nuclear disintegrations per second. (Section 21.4)

A reaction in which two reactants add together in a single step to form a cyclic product. The best known of these is the Diels-Alder reaction

Electrons that are spread over a number of atoms in a molecule or a crystal rather than localized on a single atom or a pair of atoms. (Section 9.6)

Carbohydrates comprisedof two monosaccharide units joined via aglycosidic linkage between the anomeric carbonof one monosaccharide and a hydroxyl group ofthe other monosaccharide.

A vacancy in the valence band of a semiconductor, created by doping. (Section 12.7)

A rule stating that electrons occupy degenerate orbitals in such a way as to maximize the number of electrons with the same spin. In other words, each orbital has one electron placed in it before pairing of electrons in orbitals occurs. (Section 6.8)

Spin-spin coupling with adjacent nuclei split NMR signals depending on the extent of coupling and the number of adjacent equivalent nuclei.

A model of enzyme action in which the substrate molecule is pictured as fitting rather specifically into the active site on the enzyme. It is assumed that in being bound to the active site, the substrate is somehow activated for reaction. (Section 14.7)

Refers to groups occupying l,2-positions on a benzene ring.

The clustering of solvent molecules around a solute particle. (Section 13.1)