Solutions for Chapter 17: Conjugated Pi Systems and Pericyclic Reactions

For a substituted aromatic ring, the effect of an electron-donating substituent that increases the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

An organic compound containing at least one halogen.

An equilibrium constant that expresses the extent to which a base reacts with solvent water, accepting a proton and forming OH-1aq2. (Section 16.7)

A temperature scale on which water freezes at 0° and boils at 100° at sea level. (Section 1.4)

In NMR spectroscopy, a signal that is comprised of two peaks.

The branch of chemistry that deals with the relationships between electricity and chemical reactions. (Chapter 20: Introduction)

A protein, particularly rich in the basic amino acids lysine and arginine, that is found associated with DNA molecules

Interaction of electrons in a s-bonding orbital with the vacant 2p orbital of an adjacent positively charged carbon.

Materials that do not conduct electricity. (Section 12.7)

The state of a system at a particular instant; one of many possible energetically equivalent ways to arrange the components of a system to achieve a particular state. (Section 19.3)

From the Greek, mono 1 meros, meaning single part. The simplest nonredundant unit from which a polymer is synthesized.

The amino acid at the end of a polypeptide chain having the free !NH2 group

In atomic and molecular orbitals, a location where the value of y is zero.

A point in space where the value of a wave function is zero

Elements in the upper right corner of the periodic table; nonmetals differ from metals in their physical and chemical properties. (Section 2.5)

Model of the atom with a nucleus containing protons and neutrons and with electrons in the space outside the nucleus. (Section 2.2)

A positive or negative whole number assigned to an element in a molecule or ion on the basis of a set of formal rules; to some degree it reflects the positive or negative character of that atom. (Section 4.4)

An electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction in which an SO3H group is installed on an aromatic ring.

A solution prepared by dissolving Ag2O in aqueous ammonia; used for selective oxidation of an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid.

Electrons in the valence (outermost) shell of an atom.