Solutions for Chapter 17: Conjugated Pi Systems and Pericyclic Reactions

The difference in Gibbs free energy between reactants and a transition state

A reaction in which a reagent adds to the two carbon atoms of a carbon–carbon multiple bond. (Section 24.3)

The C “O double bond, a characteristic feature of several organic functional groups, such as ketones and aldehydes. (Section 24.4)

An ion with a net positive charge. (2.5)

Energy stored within the structural units of chemical substances. (6.1)

The study of matter and the changes it undergoes. (1.1)

A region of a polymer inwhich the chains are linearly extended and closein proximity to one another, resulting in van der Waals forces that hold the chains close together.

A termination process that involves the abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the beta position of the propagating radical of one chain by the radical endgroup of another chain.

A model for the behavior of electrons in metals. (Section 12.4)

In an energy diagram, the height of the energy barrier (the hump) between the reactants and the products.

The difference in total bond strengths and solvation between various points under comparison on a reaction coordinate diagram

The enthalpy change that accompanies the formation of a substance from the most stable forms of its component elements. (Section 5.7)

A conversion of one kind of nucleus to another. (Section 21.3)

An ion in which oxygen bears a positive charge.

A polymer containing the !NHCO2! group as a repeating unit

A process in which a substance gains one or more electrons. (Section 4.4)

A term used to indicate that exactly two alkyl groups are attached directly to a particular position. For example, a secondary carbocation has two alkyl groups attached directly to the electrophilic carbon atom (C+).

An element, such as carbon, that forms four bonds.

Exchange of the !OR or !OAr group of an ester for another !OR or !OAr group.

A geometry adopted by an atom that has one lone pair and a steric number of 4.