- 19.19.1: When benzene is treated with I2 in the presence of CuCl2, iodinatio...
- 19.19.2: Draw a mechanism for the following reaction. Hint: This reaction is...
- 19.19.3: When benzene is treated with D2SO4, a deuterium atom replaces one o...
- 19.19.4: Draw a mechanism for the following reaction and make sure to draw a...
- 19.19.5: Predict the expected product(s) when benzene is treated with each o...
- 19.19.6: Draw a mechanism for the following reaction, which involves two con...
- 19.19.7: A Friedel-Crafts alkylation is an electrophilic aromatic substituti...
- 19.19.8: Identify whether each of the following compounds can be made using ...
- 19.19.9: The following compound cannot be made with either a Friedel-Crafts ...
- 19.19.10: A Friedel-Crafts acylation is an electrophilic aromatic substitutio...
- 19.19.11: Draw the two major products obtained when toluene undergoes monobro...
- 19.19.12: When ethoxybenzene is treated with a mixture of nitric acid and sul...
- 19.19.13: When 1,3-dinitrobenzene is treated with nitric acid and sulfuric ac...
- 19.19.14: Does chlorination of chlorobenzene require the use of a Lewis acid?...
- 19.19.15: Predict and explain the regiochemical outcome for chlorination of b...
- 19.19.16: For each of the following compounds, determine whether the ring is ...
- 19.19.17: The following compound has two aromatic rings. Identify which ring ...
- 19.19.18: The following compound has four aromatic rings. Rank them in terms ...
- 19.19.19: For each compound below, identify which position(s) is/are most lik...
- 19.19.20: Predict the product(s) for each of the following reactions: O OH O ...
- 19.19.21: When 2,4-dibromo-3-methyltoluene is treated with bromine in the pre...
- 19.19.22: For each of the following compounds, determine the position that is...
- 19.19.23: The following compound is highly activated but nevertheless undergo...
- 19.19.24: When the following compound is treated with Br2 in the presence of ...
- 19.19.25: Determine whether a blocking group is necessary to accomplish each ...
- 19.19.26: Predict the major product of the following reaction: SO3H SO3H HO3S...
- 19.19.27: The following transformations cannot be accomplished, even with the...
- 19.19.28: Identify the reagents necessary to convert benzene into each of the...
- 19.19.29: Identify the product obtained when benzene is treated with each of ...
- 19.19.30: Starting with benzene and using any other necessary reagents of you...
- 19.19.31: Using only reactions that we learned in this chapter, there are two...
- 19.19.32: The following compounds cannot be made using only reactions that we...
- 19.19.33: Starting with benzene and using any other necessary reagents of you...
- 19.19.34: The compound below has a pentasubstituted benzene ring. (a) Startin...
- 19.19.35: Predict the product of the following reaction: Br Cl NO2 NaOCH3, heat
- 19.19.36: Starting with benzene and using any other necessary reagents of you...
- 19.19.37: The presence of additional nitro groups can have an impact on the t...
- 19.19.38: Draw both products that are obtained when 4-chloro2-methyltoluene i...
- 19.19.39: Starting with benzene and using any other necessary reagents of you...
- 19.19.40: Draw the most likely mechanism for each of the following transforma...
- 19.19.41: When 2-ethyl-5-chlorotoluene was treated with sodium hydroxide at h...
- 19.19.42: When ortho-bromonitrobenzene is treated with NaOH at elevated tempe...
- 19.19.43: Identify the reagents necessary to accomplish each of the following...
- 19.19.44: Rank the following compounds in order of increasing reactivity towa...
- 19.19.45: Identify which of the following compounds is most activated toward ...
- 19.19.46: Predict the product(s) obtained when each of the following compound...
- 19.19.47: Predict the major product obtained when each of the following compo...
- 19.19.48: For each of the following groups, identify whether it is an activat...
- 19.19.49: Predict the product(s) obtained when each of the following compound...
- 19.19.50: Predict the major product obtained when each of the following compo...
- 19.19.51: When the following compound is treated with a mixture of nitric and...
- 19.19.52: When benzene is treated with 2-methylpropene and sulfuric acid, the...
- 19.19.53: Draw a mechanism for each of the following transformations: Cl (a) ...
- 19.19.54: Propose a plausible mechanism for each of the following transformat...
- 19.19.55: Propose a plausible mechanism for the following transformation: O C...
- 19.19.56: Predict the product(s) of the following reactions: Br ? (a) 1) HNO3...
- 19.19.57: Starting with benzene and using any other reagents of your choice, ...
- 19.19.58: Each of the following syntheses will not produce the desired produc...
- 19.19.59: In each case, identify the most likely position at which monobromin...
- 19.19.60: When para-bromotoluene is treated with sodium amide two products ar...
- 19.19.61: Picric acid is a military explosive formed via the nitration of phe...
- 19.19.62: Propose a plausible mechanism for the following transformation: OH ...
- 19.19.63: Benzene was treated with isopropyl chloride in the presence of alum...
- 19.19.64: Consider the structure of nitrosobenzene: N O (a) Draw the resonanc...
- 19.19.65: Draw all resonance structures of the sigma complex formed when tolu...
- 19.19.66: For each of the following groups of compounds, identify which compo...
- 19.19.67: Compound A and compound B are both aromatic esters with molecular f...
- 19.19.68: Propose an efficient synthesis for each of the following transforma...
- 19.19.69: Predict the product(s) for each of the following reactions: O O O B...
- 19.19.70: Each of the following compounds can be made with a FriedelCrafts ac...
- 19.19.71: Aromatic heterocycles are also capable of undergoing electrophilic ...
- 19.19.72: Starting with benzene and using any other reagents of your choice, ...
- 19.19.73: When benzene is treated with methyl chloride and aluminum trichlori...
- 19.19.74: Compound A has molecular formula C8H8O. An IR spectrum of compound ...
- 19.19.75: Starting with benzene and using any other reagents of your choice, ...
- 19.19.76: Benzene was treated with (R)-2-chlorobutane in the presence of alum...
- 19.19.77: The 1 H NMR spectrum of phenol exhibits three signals in the aromat...
- 19.19.78: When toluene is treated with a mixture of excess sulfuric acid and ...
- 19.19.79: Each of the following compounds is an aromatic compound bearing a s...
- 19.19.80: Predict the major product of the following reaction: Cl Cl ? AlCl3
- 19.19.81: Bakelite is one of the first known synthetic polymers and was used ...
- 19.19.82: Propose a plausible mechanism for the following transformation: HO ...
- 19.19.83: When N,N-dimethylaniline is treated with bromine, ortho and para pr...
- 19.19.84: The rate constants for the bromination of several disubstituted sti...
- 19.19.85: Aminotetralins are a class of compounds currently being studied for...
- 19.19.86: Consider the following reaction, in which the product results from ...
- 19.19.87: Compare the indicated bonds (a and b) in the following compound. Bo...
- 19.19.88: Compound 1 and compound 2 both contain tritium (T), which is an iso...
- 19.19.89: During a synthesis of a potential anticancer agent, 7-hydroxynitidi...
- 19.19.90: In the following reaction, iodine monochloride (ICl) effectively se...
- 19.19.91: Treatment of compound 1 with benzene in triflic acid (CF3SO3H) affo...
- 19.19.92: One method for the synthesis of 9,9-spirobifluorenes (rigid compoun...
- 19.19.93: The following synthesis was developed in an effort to prepare an an...
Solutions for Chapter 19: Aromatic Substitution Reactions
Full solutions for Organic Chemistry, - Standalone Book | 2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781118452288
Since 93 problems in chapter 19: Aromatic Substitution Reactions have been answered, more than 233935 students have viewed full step-by-step solutions from this chapter. Chapter 19: Aromatic Substitution Reactions includes 93 full step-by-step solutions. Organic Chemistry, - Standalone Book was written by and is associated to the ISBN: 9781118452288. This textbook survival guide was created for the textbook: Organic Chemistry, - Standalone Book, edition: 2. This expansive textbook survival guide covers the following chapters and their solutions.
-
a-Helix
A type of secondary structure in which a section of polypeptide chain coils into a spiral, most commonly a right-handed spiral.
-
acid.
A substance that yields hydrogen ions (H1) when dissolved in water. (2.7)
-
Acylium ion
A resonance-stabilized cation with the structure [RC"O]1 or [ArC"O]1. The positive charge is delocalized over both the carbonyl carbon and the carbonyl oxygen.
-
alcohol.
An organic compound containing the hydroxyl group —OH. (24.4)
-
anti-coplanar
A conformation in which a hydrogen atom and a leaving group are separated by a dihedral angle of exactly 180°.
-
Base peak
The peak caused by the most abundant ion in a mass spectrum; the most intense peak. It is assigned an arbitrary intensity of 100
-
chemical equilibrium
A state of dynamic balance in which the rate of formation of the products of a reaction from the reactants equals the rate of formation of the reactants from the products; at equilibrium the concentrations of the reactants and products remain constant. (Section 4.1;Chapter 15: Introduction)
-
chemical formula
A notation that uses chemical symbols with numerical subscripts to convey the relative proportions of atoms of the different elements in a substance. (Section 2.6)
-
denatured protein.
Protein that does not exhibit normal biological activities. (25.3)
-
double bond
A covalent bond involving two electron pairs. (Section 8.3)
-
Homotopic groups
Atoms or groups on an atom that give an achiral molecule when one of the groups is replaced by another group. The hydrogens of the CH2 group of propane, for example, are homotopic. Replacing either one of them with deuterium gives 2-deuteropropane, which is achiral. Homotopic groups have identical chemical shifts under all conditions
-
Hybrid orbital
An orbital formed by the combination of two or more atomic orbitals.
-
lone pair
A pair of unshared, or nonbonding, electrons.
-
metal complex
An assembly of a metal ion and the Lewis bases bonded to it. (Section 23.2)
-
photon
The smallest increment (a quantum) of radiant energy; a photon of light with frequency n has an energy equal to hn. (Section 6.2)
-
prostaglandins
Lipids that contain 20 carbon atoms and are characterized by a five-membered ring with two side chains.
-
racemic mixture
A mixture of equal amounts of the dextrorotatory and levorotatory forms of a chiral molecule. A racemic mixture will not rotate the plane of polarized light. (Section 23.4)
-
Reactive intermediate
A high-energy species formed between two successive reaction steps, that lies in an energy minimum between the two transition states
-
silicates
Compounds containing silicon and oxygen, structurally based on SiO4 tetrahedra. (Section 22.10)
-
Tertiary structure of proteins
The three-dimensional arrangement in space of all atoms in a single polypeptide chain.