Solutions for Chapter 2: Chemistry: The Central Science 12th Edition

An elimination reaction in which a proton from the beta (b) position is removed together with the leaving group, forming a double bond.

A class of substances formed from polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. (Section 24.8)

Energy stored within the structural units of chemical substances. (6.1)

A chemical equation in which dissolved strong electrolytes (such as dissolved ionic compounds) are written as separate ions. (Section 4.2)

The minimum mass of fissionable material required to generate a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. (19.5)

A molecule containing an !OH group and a !CN group bonded to the same carbon.

The attraction between the positive end of one dipole and the negative end of another.

A signal of an NMR spectrum that is shifted toward the left (larger chemical shift) on the chart paper.

Energetic electromagnetic radiation emanating from the nucleus of a radioactive atom. (Section 21.1)

The ultimate arbiter of the spontaneity of a reaction, where DG = DH - T DS.

A compound containing an !OOH group.

The energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom when the atom is in its ground state. (Section 7.4)

Liquids that mix in all proportions. (Section 13.3)

A device that uses strong magnetic and electrostatic fields to accelerate charged particles. (Section 21.3)

Cleavage by light.

A six-membered cyclic hemiacetal form of a carbohydrate.

The square root of the average of the squared speeds of the gas molecules in a gas sample. (Section 10.7)

The dissolving medium of a solution; it is normally the component of a solution present in the greater amount. (Section 4.1)

Groups that strongy deactivate an aromatic ring toward electrophilic aromatic substitution, thereby significantly decreasing the rate of the reaction.

Constitutional isomers that rapidly interconvert via the migration of a proton.