Solutions for Chapter 2: Chemistry: The Central Science 12th Edition

A compound that can serve as a proton donor.

A process by which molecular oxygen is used to convert food into CO2, water, and energy.

A reaction characterized by the addition of two hydroxyl groups (OH) across an alkene.

The negative charge carried by an electron; it has a magnitude of 1.602 * 10-19 C. (Section 2.3)

The process by which a protein adopts its biologically active shape. (Section 24.7)

An effect that explains why alkyl groups stabilize a carbocation.

A tentative explanation of a series of observations or of a natural law. (Section 1.3)

The requirement for an odd number of p electron pairs in order for a compound to be aromatic.

A compound containing a carbon-nitrogen double bond, R2C"NR’; also called a Schiff base

The rules by which the equilibrium constant is expressed in terms of the concentrations of reactants and products, in accordance with the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. (Section 15.2)

Phosphoglycerides thatcontain choline.

A reaction that takes place in a single step, without intermediates, and involves a cyclic redistribution of bonding electrons

Polymers that are similar in structure to polyesters but with repeating carbonate groups (!O!CO2!) instead of repeating ester groups (!CO2!). polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

A polymer constructed from nucleotides linked together.

The value that is obtained when concentrations of reactants and products are inserted into the equilibrium expression. If the concentrations are equilibrium concentrations, Q = K; otherwise, Q ? K. (Section 15.6)

A conformation in which nearby groups in a Newman projection have a dihedral angle of 60°.

An intermediate with tetrahedral geometry. This type of intermediate is formed when a nucleophile attacks the carbonyl group of a carboxylic acid derivative.

The difference in energy between staggered and eclipsed conformations (for example, in ethane).

A protein used to transport molecules or ions from one location to another. Hemoglobin is a classic example of a transport protein, used to transport molecular oxygen from the lungs to all the tissues of the body.

In IR spectroscopy, the energy of a photon is absorbed and temporarily stored as vibrational energy