Solutions for Chapter 2: Chemistry: The Central Science 12th Edition

A monosaccharide containing an aldehyde group

Instability that arises when a planar ring of continuously overlapping p orbitals contains 4n p electrons.

A substance that yields hydroxide ions (OH2) when dissolved in water. (2.7)

A positively charged ion. (Section 2.7)

Any property of a substance that cannot be studied without converting the substance into some other substance. (1.6)

In a crystal lattice it is defined as the number of atoms (or ions) surrounding an atom (or ion) (11.4). In coordination compounds it is defined as the number of donor atoms surrounding the central metal atom in a complex. (23.3)

A complex polymer resulting from the polymerization of two or more chemically different monomers. (Section 12.8)

The term used to express the concept of less shielding in NMR

In Diels-Alder reactions that produce bicyclic structures, the positions that are anti to the larger bridge.

A simple method for drawing the relative energy levels of the MOs for a ring assembled from continuously overlapping p orbitals.

The temperature at which noncrystalline polymers become very soft.

A compound containing a halogen atom and a hydroxyl group on adjacent carbons; those containing Br and OH are bromohydrins, and those containing Cl and OH are chlorohydrins.

A catalyst that does not dissolve in the reaction medium.

The addition of water.

The reactant present in the smallest stoichiometric quantity in a mixture of reactants; the amount of product that can form is limited by the complete consumption of the limiting reactant. (Section 3.7)

A simple sugar, most commonly containing six carbon atoms. The joining together of monosaccharide units by condensation reactions results in formation of polysaccharides. (Section 24.8)

The pressure that must be applied to a solution to stop osmosis from pure solvent into the solution. (Section 13.5)

A homogeneous alloy, where two or more elements are distributed randomly and uniformly throughout the solid. (Section 12.3)

A special type of stereoselective reaction in which the stereochemistry of the product is dependent on the stereochemistry of the starting material.

A compound containingone or more p bonds.