- 21.78AE: An experiment was designed to determine whether an aquatic plant ab...
- 21.1E: ?VISUALIZING CONCEPTSIndicate whether each of the following nuclide...
- 21.1PE: Predicting the Product of a Nuclear ReactionWhat product is formed ...
- 21.2PE: Writing Nuclear EquationsWrite nuclear equations for(a) mercury-201...
- 21.2E: ?VISUALIZING CONCEPTSWrite the balanced nuclear equation for the re...
- 21.3E: Visualizing ConceptsDraw a diagram similar to that shown in Exercis...
- 21.3PE: Predicting Modes of Nuclear DecayPredict the mode of decay of(a) ca...
- 21.4E: ?VISUALIZING CONCEPTSThe accompanying graph illustrates the decay o...
- 21.4PE: ?Predicting Nuclear StabilityPredict which of these nuclei are espe...
- 21.5E: ?VISUALIZING CONCEPTSAll the stable isotopes of boron, carbon, nitr...
- 21.5PE: Writing a Balanced Nuclear EquationWrite the balanced nuclear equat...
- 21.6E: ?VISUALIZING CONCEPTSThe diagram shown here illustrates a fission p...
- 21.6PE: Calculation Involving Half-LivesThe half-life of cobalt-60 is 5.27 ...
- 21.11PE: Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations (Section)Write balanced nuclear...
- 21.54E: Nuclear Power and Radioisotopes (Sections)Why is it important that ...
- 21.7E: ?Indicate the number of protons and neutrons in the following nucle...
- 21.7PE: A wooden object from an archeological site is subjected to radiocar...
- 21.8E: ?Indicate the number of protons and neutrons in the following nucle...
- 21.8PE: Calculating Mass Change in a Nuclear ReactionHow much energy is los...
- 21.9E: Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations (Section)Give the symbol for (a...
- 21.9PE: Calculating Mass Change in a Nuclear ReactionHow much energy is los...
- 21.10E: Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations (Section)Give the symbol for (a...
- 21.12E: Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations (Section)Write balanced nuclear...
- 21.13E: Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations (Section)Decay of which nucleus...
- 21.14E: Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations (Section)What particle is produ...
- 21.15E: Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations (Section)The naturally occurrin...
- 21.16E: Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations (Section)A radioactive decay se...
- 21.17E: Patterns of Nuclear Stability (Section)Predict the type of radioact...
- 21.18E: Patterns of Nuclear Stability (Section)Each of the following nuclei...
- 21.19E: Patterns of Nuclear Stability (Section)One of the nuclides in each ...
- 21.20E: Patterns of Nuclear Stability (Section)One nuclide in each of these...
- 21.21E: Patterns of Nuclear Stability (Section)Which of the following nucli...
- 21.22E: ?Despite the similarities in the chemical reactivity of elements in...
- 21.23E: Patterns of Nuclear Stability (Section)Using the concept of magic n...
- 21.24E: ?Which of the following nuclides would you expect to be radioactive...
- 21.25E: Nuclear Transmutations (Section)Why are nuclear transmutations invo...
- 21.26E: Nuclear Transmutations (Section)In 1930 the American physicist Erne...
- 21.27E: Nuclear Transmutations (Section)Complete and balance the following ...
- 21.28E: Nuclear Transmutations (Section)Complete and balance the following ...
- 21.29E: ?Write balanced equations for (a) ,(b) (c) .
- 21.30E: ?Write balanced equations for each of the following nuclear reactions:
- 21.31E: Rates of Radioactive Decay (Section)Each statement that follows ref...
- 21.32E: Rates of Radioactive Decay (Section)It has been suggested that stro...
- 21.33E: Rates of Radioactive Decay (Section)Some watch dials are coated wit...
- 21.34E: ?It takes 5.2 min for a 1.000-g sample of 210Fr to decay to 0.250 g...
- 21.35E: Cobalt-60 is a strong gamma emitter that has a half-life of 5.26 yr...
- 21.36E: Rates of Radioactive Decay (Section)How much time is required for a...
- 21.37E: [21.39] Rates of Radioactive Decay (Section)Radium-226, which under...
- 21.38E: Rates of Radioactive Decay (Section)Cobalt-60, which undergoes beta...
- 21.39E: Rates of Radioactive Decay (Section)The cloth shroud from around a ...
- 21.40E: Rates of Radioactive Decay (Section)A wooden artifact from a Chines...
- 21.41E: Rates of Radioactive Decay (Section)Potassium-40 decays to argon-40...
- 21.42E: Rates of Radioactive Decay (Section)The half-life for the process 2...
- 21.43E: Energy Changes in Nuclear Reactions (Section)The thermite reaction,...
- 21.44E: Energy Changes in Nuclear Reactions (Section)An analytical laborato...
- 21.45E: Energy Changes in Nuclear Reactions (Section)How much energy must b...
- 21.46E: Energy Changes in Nuclear Reactions (Section)How much energy must b...
- 21.47E: ?The atomic masses of hydrogen-2 (deuterium), helium-4, and lithium...
- 21.48E: Energy Changes in Nuclear Reactions (Section)The atomic masses of n...
- 21.49E: Energy Changes in Nuclear Reactions (Section)The energy from solar ...
- 21.50E: Energy Changes in Nuclear Reactions (Section)Based on the following...
- 21.51E: Energy Changes in Nuclear Reactions (Section)Which of the following...
- 21.52E: Energy Changes in Nuclear Reactions (Section)The isotope 62 28Ni ha...
- 21.53E: Nuclear Power and Radioisotopes (Sections)Iodine-131 is a convenien...
- 21.55E: What is the most common fissionable isotope in a commercial nuclear...
- 21.56E: What is meant by enriched uranium? How is enriched uranium differen...
- 21.57E: Nuclear Power and Radioisotopes (Sections)What is the function of t...
- 21.58E: Nuclear Power and Radioisotopes (Sections)(a) What is the function ...
- 21.59E: Nuclear Power and Radioisotopes (Sections)Complete and balance the ...
- 21.60E: Nuclear Power and Radioisotopes (Sections)Complete and balance the ...
- 21.61E: Nuclear Power and Radioisotopes (Sections)A portion of the Sun’s en...
- 21.62E: ?The spent fuel elements from a fission reactor are much more inten...
- 21.63E: Nuclear Power and Radioisotopes (Sections)Which type or types of nu...
- 21.64E: Nuclear Power and Radioisotopes (Sections)Which type or types of nu...
- 21.65E: Nuclear Power and Radioisotopes (Sections)Hydroxyl radicals can plu...
- 21.66E: Nuclear Power and Radioisotopes (Sections)Which are classified as i...
- 21.67E: Nuclear Power and Radioisotopes (Sections)A laboratory rat is expos...
- 21.68E: ?A person is accidentally exposed for to a source of beta radiation...
- 21.69AE: Radon-222 decays to a stable nucleus by a series of three alpha emi...
- 21.70AE: ?Equation 21.28 is the nuclear reaction responsible for much of the...
- 21.71AE: Chlorine has two stable nuclides, 35Cl and 37Cl. In contrast, 36Cl ...
- 21.72AE: ?Chlorine has two stable nuclides, and . In contrast, is a radioact...
- 21.73AE: Nuclear scientists have synthesized approximately 1600 nuclei not k...
- 21.74AE: The synthetic radioisotope technetium-99, which decays by beta emis...
- 21.75AE: According to current regulations, the maximum permissible dose of s...
- 21.76AE: Suppose you had a detection device that could count every decay eve...
- 21.77AE: ?Methyl acetate is formed by the reaction of acetic acid with methy...
- 21.79AE: The nuclear masses of 7Be, 9Be, and 10Be are 7.0147, 9.0100, and 10...
- 21.80AE: A 26.00-g sample of water containing tritium, 31 H, emits 1.50 × 10...
- 21.81AE: The Sun radiates energy into space at the rate of 3.9 * 1026 J/s.(a...
- 21.82AE: The average energy released in the fission of a single uranium- 235...
- 21.83AE: Tests on human subjects in Boston in 1965 and 1966, following the e...
- 21.84IE: A 53.8-mg sample of sodium perchlorate contains radioactive chlorin...
- 21.85IE: Calculate the mass of octane, C8H18(l), that must be burned in air ...
- 21.86IE: ?A sample of an alpha emitter having an activity of 0.18i is stored...
- 21.87IE: ?Charcoal samples from Stonehenge in England were burned in , and t...
- 21.88IE: A 25.0-mL sample of 0.050 M barium nitrate solution was mixed with ...
Solutions for Chapter 21: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Full solutions for Chemistry: The Central Science | 12th Edition
ISBN: 9780321696724
Summary of Chapter 21: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Examine the basic structure of atoms and discuss the formation of molecules and ions, thereby providing a foundation for exploring chemistry more deeply.
This expansive textbook survival guide covers the following chapters and their solutions. Chemistry: The Central Science was written by and is associated to the ISBN: 9780321696724. Chapter 21: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions includes 97 full step-by-step solutions. This textbook survival guide was created for the textbook: Chemistry: The Central Science, edition: 12. Since 97 problems in chapter 21: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions have been answered, more than 588234 students have viewed full step-by-step solutions from this chapter.
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axial position
For chair conformations of substituted cyclohexanes, a position that is parallel to a vertical axis passing through the center of the ring.
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Bonding electrons
Valence electrons involved in forming a covalent bond (i.e., shared electrons).
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Chain initiation
A step in a chain reaction characterized by the formation of reactive intermediates (radicals, anions, or cations) from nonradical or noncharged molecules
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chelating agent
A polydentate ligand that is capable of occupying two or more sites in the coordination sphere. (Section 23.3)
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cohesion.
The intermolecular attraction between like molecules. (11.3)
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coupling constant
When signal splitting occurs in NMR spectroscopy, the distance between the individual peaks of a signal.
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critical pressure (Pc).
The minimum pressure necessary to bring about liquefaction at the critical temperature. (11.8)
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disrotatory
In electrocyclicreactions, a type of rotation in which the orbitalsbeing used to form the new s bond must rotate in opposite directions (one rotates clockwise while the other rotates counterclockwise).
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Energy
The ability to do work.
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fibrous proteins
Proteins that consist of linear chains that are bundled together.
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gas constant (R)
The constant of proportionality in the ideal-gas equation. (Section 10.4)
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ionic bond
A bond between oppositely charged ions. The ions are formed from atoms by transfer of one or more electrons. (Section 8.1)
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metallic elements (metals)
Elements that are usually solids at room temperature, exhibit high electrical and heat conductivity, and appear lustrous. Most of the elements in the periodic table are metals. (Sections 2.5 and 12.1)
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methyl shift
A type of carbocation rearrangement in which a methyl group migrates.
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molecular formula
A chemical formula that indicates the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule of a substance. (Section 2.6)
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ozonolysis
A reaction in which the CRC bond of an alkene is cleaved to form two CRO bonds.
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peptide bond
A bond formed between two amino acids. (Section 24.7)
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protium
The most common isotope of hydrogen. (Section 22.2)
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Ring current
An applied magnetic fi eld causes the p electrons of an aromatic ring to circulate, giving rise to the so-called ring current and an associated magnetic fi eld that opposes the applied fi eld in the middle of the ring but reinforces the applied fi eld on the outside of the ring.
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tautomers
Constitutional isomers that rapidly interconvert via the migration of a proton.