Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition - Solutions by Chapter

Any substituent on a benzene ring that causes the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution to be greater than that for benzene.

The product obtained when the aldehyde group of an aldose is reduced.

Any reaction in which a new carbon-carbon bond to an alkyl group is formed.

Oxides and hydroxides that are only slightly soluble in water but that dissolve in either acidic or basic solutions. (Section 17.5)

The hemiacetal or acetal carbon of the cyclic form of a carbohydrate

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element. (Section 2.3)

The average mass of the atoms of an element in atomic mass units (amu); it is numerically equal to the mass in grams of one mole of the element. (Section 2.4)

A nonplanar conformation of a cyclohexane ring in which carbons 1 and 4 of the ring are bent toward each other

In Diels-Alder reactions that produce bicyclic structures, the positions that are anti to the larger bridge.

Spin-spin coupling that occurs between nonequivalent H atoms bonded to the same C atom. The H atoms are generally nonequivalent owing to restricted bond rotation in the molecule

The SI unit for radiation dose

The catalyst system and conditions of temperature and pressure developed by Fritz Haber and coworkers for the formation of NH3 from H2 and N2. (Section 15.2)

Any molecular vibration that leads to a substantial change in dipole moment and is observed in an IR spectrum.

An allowed energy state of an electron in the quantum mechanical model of the atom; the term orbital is also used to describe the spatial distribution of the electron. An orbital is defined by the values of three quantum numbers: n, l, and ml (Section 6.5)

A compound in which one or more OH groups, and possibly additional oxygen atoms, are bonded to a central atom. (Section 16.10)

A device that measures the rotation of plane-polarized light caused by optically active compounds.

A voltaic cell that cannot be recharged. (Section 20.7)

This principle states that the sequence of transition states and reactive intermediates in the mechanism of any reversible reaction must be the same, but in reverse order, for the reverse reaction as for the forward reaction

A series of structures that are melded together (conceptually) to circumvent the inadequacies of bond-line drawings.

Constitutional isomers in equilibrium with each other that differ in the location of a hydrogen atom and a double bond relative to a heteroatom, most commonly O, N, or S.