Solutions for Chapter 13: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy

A reaction that achieves the addition of water across a double bond in the presence of an acid catalyst.

A substance that has the characteristic properties of a metal and contains more than one element. Often there is one principal metallic component, with other elements present in smaller amounts. Alloys may be homogeneous or heterogeneous. (Section 12.3)

The slow oxidation of organic compounds that occurs in the presence of atmospheric oxygen.

A unit of pressure equal to 105 Pa. (Section 10.2)

A tetrahedral atom, most commonly carbon, that is bonded to four different groups; also called a chirality center

A prefi x meaning on the same side

Repelled by a magnet; a diamagnetic substance contains only paired electrons. (7.8)

A type of magnetism that causes a substance with no unpaired electrons to be weakly repelled from a magnetic field. (Section 9.8)

In Diels-Alder reactions that produce bicyclic structures, the positions that are anti to the larger bridge.

The analysis of a reaction using MO theory, where only the frontier orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) are considered.

The minimum energy required to remove an electron from an atom or molecule to a distance where there is no electrostatic interaction between the resulting ion and electron.

Points in a crystal all of which have identical environments. (Section 12.2)

Refers to a substance that rotates the plane of polarized light to the left.

One of the four arrow-pushing patterns for ionic reactions.

The intermediateformed during oxymercuration.

In NMR spectroscopy, if n is the number of neighboring protons, then the multiplicity will be n+1.

A law stating that the partial pressure of a solvent over a solution, Psolution, is given by the vapor pressure of the pure solvent, P° solvent, times the mole fraction of a solvent in the solution, Xsolvent: Psolution = XsolventP° solvent. (Section 13.5)

Reactions in which one group is replaced by another group.

A conformation of cyclohexane that is lower in energy than a boat conformation but higher in energy than a chair conformation.

A nonplanar conformation of a cyclohexane ring that is twisted from and slightly more stable than a boat conformation.